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Diagnostic Instruments in Medicine

* Exchange students do not have to consider this information when selecting suitable courses for an exchange stay.

Course Unit Code450-4008/04
Number of ECTS Credits Allocated4 ECTS credits
Type of Course Unit *Compulsory
Level of Course Unit *Second Cycle
Year of Study *First Year
Semester when the Course Unit is deliveredWinter Semester
Mode of DeliveryFace-to-face
Language of InstructionCzech
Prerequisites and Co-Requisites There are no prerequisites or co-requisites for this course unit
Name of Lecturer(s)Personal IDName
PEN72prof. Ing. Marek Penhaker, Ph.D.
Summary
In the course the students are familiarized and practically verify the principles of measurement and processing of biological signals using medical diagnostic instrumentation. The principles of sensing, operation and construction of instrumentation are discussed in more detail. The individual diagnostic methods were examined and the nature of the measuring devices, the description and elimination of the interfering effects of the measurement, including the relation to the valid legislation regulating their use, were discussed. Safety risks are explained using medical instrumentation and individual diagnostic methods.
Learning Outcomes of the Course Unit
The aim of the course is to provide detailed information on medical diagnostic instruments, their activities, their design, their relationship with the legislation governing their use. Learning outcomes of the course unit The student acquires knowledge about medical diagnostic devices and devices including classification in individual diagnostic methods. The acquired knowledge and skills in this subject form the basic prerequisite of knowledge of biomedical engineer.
Course Contents
lectures:

1.Electric processes in living organisms, irritant tissue, electrical events on the cell membrane, patterns of origin and propagation of the excitation in tissues, electrical properties of tissues, effects of stress and current on the organism.
2.Biopotential electrodes, oxidation, reduction and half-cell potential, materials for electrode production, electrode properties, practical realization of electrodes.
3.Biological signals and their processing, biosignal distribution, artifacts, biosignal preprocessing, patient safety during biosignal scanning.
4.Electrocardiography, heart and its activity, electrocardiography, electrocardiogram genesis, basic electrocardiogram elements, electrocardiography.
5.Electroencephalography, eElectroencephalographic lesions, electroencephalographic electrodes, electroencephalogram and its origins, electrocorhythmography, evoked potentials, electroencephalography, safety and standards in electroencephalography.
6.Electromyography, electromyographic signal and its genesis, electromyographic signal scanning, basic electromyographic modalities, electromyograph.
7.Electrogastrography, electrogastrogram and its origin, electrogastrograph.
8. Blood pressure measurement, non-invasive blood pressure measurement, invasive blood pressure measurement.
9. Heart rate measurement, thermodilution method, dye dilution method, fick method.
10. Body temperature measurement, body temperature contact, non-contact body temperature measurement.
11.Oxymetry, optical oxygen saturation measurement, transcutaneous oxymetry.
12.Pletysmography, elastic properties of the arterial system, pulse wave, plethysmograph.
13. Heart Rate Measurement, cardiotachrome activity principle, R-wave detector.
14.Respiration diagnostics, spirometry, respiratory rate measurement, analysis of breathing gas composition, whole body plethysmography.

laboratory exercises:
In the framework of the laboratory exercises, the students implement diagrams of the involvement of partial electrotechnical parts of medical diagnostic technology and carry out measurements and comparison with commercially certified devices. This is mainly the hardware design and measurement of ECG, EEG and electro-manometer. Other circuits are supportive and aid to the whole.

1. Introduction to schematics and their complex integration - familiarization with elements and power for construction
2.Symmetrator - source of Symmetric Supply Voltage
3. Stable flip-flop with integrator and comparator
Calibrator - source of calibration voltage
5. Biosensor
6.Integrated frequency modulator
7.Electromanometer
8. Pulse generator - Four pulse frequency generator
9. Heart cell stimulator
10. Biphasic pacemaker
11. Narrow pulse amplitude detector
12.Electronic thermometer
13.Bioadmitance - Acupuncture Points Detector
14. Verification of measurements on testers and comparison with commercially certified products. Assessment of the success of the tasks.
Recommended or Required Reading
Required Reading:
• BRONZINO, Joseph D. The biomedical engineering handbook. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2006. ISBN 0849321239.
• WEBSTER, John G., ed. Medical instrumentation: application and design. 3rd ed. S.l.: John Wiley, c1998. ISBN 0-471-15368-0.
PENHAKER, Marek. Lékařské diagnostické přístroje: učební texty. Ostrava: VŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2004. ISBN 80-248-0751-3.
Recommended Reading:
• DAVID, Yadin. Clinical engineering. Boca Raton: CRC Press, c2003. Principles and applications in engineering. ISBN 0849318130.
• PEREZ, Reinaldo. Design of medical electronic devices. San Diego: Academic Press, c2002. ISBN 0125507119.
• CARR, Joseph J. a John M. BROWN. Introduction to biomedical equipment technology. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, c2001. ISBN 0130104922.
• MACKAY, R. Stuart. Bio-medical telemetry; sensing and transmitting biological information from animals and man. New York: Wiley, 1968.
• FRADEN, Jacob. AIP handbook of modern sensors: physics, designs and applications. 3rd print. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1995. AIP series in modern instrumentation and measurements in physics & engineering. ISBN 1-56396-108-3.
• OLANSEN, Jon B. a Eric. ROSOW. Virtual bio-instrumentation: biomedical, clinical, and healthcare applications in LabVIEW. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002. ISBN 0130652164.
• DAVIM, J. Paulo, ed. The design and manufacture of medical devices. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, 2012. Woodhead Publishing reviews: mechanical engineering. ISBN 978-1-907568-72-5.
• PENHAKER, Marek, Petr TIEFENBACH a František KOBZA. Anglicko-český tématický slovník pro biomedicínské obory. Ostrava: VŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2007. ISBN 978-80-248-1589-3.
• PENHAKER, Marek, Petr TIEFENBACH a František KOBZA. Modelování a simulace biologických systémů: cvičení. Ostrava: VŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2007. ISBN 978-80-248-1560-2.
• PENHAKER, Marek, Petr TIEFENBACH a František KOBZA. Lékařská kybernetika. Ostrava: VŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2007. ISBN 978-80-248-1561-9.
• TIEFENBACH, Petr, Marek PENHAKER a František KOBZA. Odborná terminologie pro biomedicínské obory. Ostrava: VŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2007. ISBN 978-80-248-1590-9.
• VRÁNA, Milan a Miroslav NETUŠIL. Lékařská elektronika. Praha: Avicenum, 1975.
• JUREK, František. Elektronika na koronární jednotce. Ostrava: Dům techniky ČSVTS, 1988.
• SVATOŠ, Josef. Biologické signály I: geneze, zpracování a analýza. Vyd. 2. Praha: České vysoké učení technické, 1998. ISBN 80-01-01822-9.
• SVATOŠ, Josef. Biologické signály. Vyd. 2. Praha: České vysoké učení technické, 1998. ISBN 80-01-01822-9.
• CHMELAŘ, Milan. Lékařská přístrojová technika. Brno: Fakulta elektrotechniky a informatiky VUT, 1995. ISBN 80-85867-63-X.
• CHMELAŘ, Milan. Lékařská přístrojová technika I. Brno: CERM, 1995. Učební texty vysokých škol. ISBN 80-85867-63-X.
• CHMELAŘ, Milan, Jiří ROZMAN a Aleš DRASTICH. Lékařská přístrojová technika II. Praha: SNTL, 1984.
• HRAZDIRA, Ivo a Vojtěch MORNSTEIN. Lékařská biofyzika a přístrojová technika. Brno: Neptun, 2001. ISBN 80-902896-1-4.
• Biologické hodnocení prostředků zdravotnické techniky: česká technická norma. Praha: Český normalizační institut, 2001.
Planned learning activities and teaching methods
Lectures, Tutorials, Experimental work in labs
Assesment methods and criteria
Task TitleTask TypeMaximum Number of Points
(Act. for Subtasks)
Minimum Number of Points for Task Passing
Credit and ExaminationCredit and Examination100 (100)51
        CreditCredit40 21
        ExaminationExamination60 31