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Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation

* Exchange students do not have to consider this information when selecting suitable courses for an exchange stay.

Course Unit Code450-2027/03
Number of ECTS Credits Allocated4 ECTS credits
Type of Course Unit *Choice-compulsory type B
Level of Course Unit *First Cycle
Year of Study *Third Year
Semester when the Course Unit is deliveredWinter Semester
Mode of DeliveryFace-to-face
Language of InstructionCzech
Prerequisites and Co-Requisites Course succeeds to compulsory courses of previous semester
Name of Lecturer(s)Personal IDName
HAJ74doc. Ing. Radovan Hájovský, Ph.D.
Summary
The course is focused on electronic measurement using modern measurement instruments and using their special functions. The basic blocks of the measurement system are described in detail with regard to their static and dynamic properties as well as the minimization of measurement errors. Practical problems are explained and demonstrated methods of measurement of basic quantities from the design of proper sensors to data processing and evaluation. Students are acquainted with both classical measurement instruments and especially with modern functions of these devices, which enable real-time decoding of serial buses, FFT analysis, etc. In the course of lectures and exercises students are also familiarized with the field of Industry 4.0 and IoT from the point of view of realization of the measurement chain with a view to minimizing energy demand and choosing methods of wireless data transmission and processing. Here are presented and demonstrated basic technologies such as LoRa, SigFox, IQRF. Students are also acquainted with the basic concepts of electromagnetic compatibility and modern instrumentation, including examples of methods of measurement of radiated interference, are demonstrated.
Learning Outcomes of the Course Unit
The aim of the course is to familiarize students with the basic structure of the measurement chain in terms of its properties and minimization of errors. Here are explained the basic blocks of the measurement chain, focusing on its static and dynamic properties. Another aim is to acquaint students and acquire skills in the use of modern measurement methods using special functions of measurement instruments, eg in the area of ​​serial bus decoding, technical diagnostics, frequency spectrum analysis, etc. Students are also acquainted with the current trends in data transmission and processing. There are also presented basic information on electromagnetic compatibility issues with practical examples of measurement examples. Upon completion of the course the students are able to correctly assemble and use the measurement chain for the measurement of the given quantity, they are able to use the modern measurement technique and correctly process and evaluate the measured data.
Course Contents
Lectures:
1.Basic concepts of measurement technique
a. Basic terms from ČSN EN 60359 (Electrical and Electronic Measurement
Equipment - Expression of Performance)
b. Metrological characteristics of the measurement instrument
c. Measured variable, influence quantity, reference conditions, boundary
conditions
d. Device errors, systematic, random,
e. Error statement: absolute, relative, for analog devices, digital devices

2.Basic concepts of metrology
a. Measurement result, set of values, uncertainty of measurement, writing
results
b. Metrology, categories of gauges
c. Calibration, calibration curve, calibration diagram
d. Compatibility of measurement, property demonstrated in all measurement
results of the same magnitude, characterized by appropriate overlapping of
their data
e. Direct and indirect measurements, calculation of errors and uncertainties

3.Electronic measurement system
a. Requirements definition, analysis and theoretical design
b. Measurement methods
c. Sensor selection and device / instrument measurement
d. Assembling a measurement device
e. Connection to the object to be measured, parameter setting
f. Methods of transmission of measured data
g. Processing of measured data
h. Meaning of presentation of measurement results
i. Automation of measurements

4.Basic blocks of the measurement chain
a. Block errors and folding
b. A / A measuring transducer (eg. temperature sensor to 0-10V)
c. Additive and multiplicative error
d. Static and dynamic properties
e. Sensors in the measuring chain, their parameters, methods of use. (example:
methods of temperature measurement)

5.Analog circuits in measurement systems designed for signal preprocessing
a. Symmetric and asymmetric signal, differential inputs
b. Grounding problems, common ground, thermoelectric voltage
c. Signal line, dual line, coaxial cable properties
d. Signal / Noise Ratio
e. Measurement amplifiers and filters in the measurement chain

6.A / D and D / A conversion of measured data, signal sampling
a. Sampling, quantization, spectrum of sampling signal
b. Features of A / D converters (SNR, SINAD, dynamic range, error ...)
c. Aliasing in time and frequency domains
d. The importance of filter anti-aliasing, aliasing suppression, filter design
e. Reconstruction of the D / A conversion signal

7.Measured signal, signal parameters in time and frequency domain
a. Harmonic analysis of signals with respect to the measured signal
b. Synthesis of harmonic signals

8.Architecture of electronic measurement systems
a. Dividing for laboratory, industrial (requirements)
b. Local and large
c. Centralized (GPIB, RS232) and distributed (LAN, MESH networks, ...)
d. Structure MS: bus, circle, starfish, bridge
e. Data transfer methods - RS232, RS422, RS485 ...
f. Telemetry unit

9.Methodology of Oscilloscope Measurement (Specialties of Modern Instruments,
Digital Bus Decoding)
a. Use of modern oscilloscopes - their special functions - connection to basic
measurements
b. Use of FFT, ZOOM, bus decoding capability - I2C etc.
c. Data export options

10.Methodology of measurement with spectral analyzer
a. The use of a spectral analyzer for signal analysis in the frequency
spectrum
b. Setting basic parameters - bandwidth, measured quantity, types of treys
c. Spectrum analysis - peak detection
d. Use advanced features - performance measurement, tracking generator
e. Data export options

11.Technical diagnostics (vibration measurement - Pulse)
a. Description of the technical diagnostics with regard to measurement and
instrumentation (noise and vibration measurement)
b. Description of vibration measurement process, measurement chain,
description of individual components needed for measurement (PULSE system
by Bruel & Kjaer)
c. Description of noise measurement processes - context of work hygiene -
health care institution

12.EMC, meaning and methods of measurement
a. Dividing of EMC into EMI and EMS, description of individual areas
b. Overview of instrumentation and other EMI and EMS measurement components
c. Methods of measurement interference signals (conducted and radiation)
d. ESD measurement methods

13.Modern methods in the field of measurement, Industry 4.0 and IoT issues
a. Knowledge from current trends in measurement and monitoring - data
transmission, cloud storage, data visualization
b. Industry 4.0 Link and Area of Measurement - Emphasis on Safety, Autonomy,
Energy Satisfaction
c. IoT - description of the problem, illustrative examples of measurement +
IoT, practical examples (LoRa, SigFox, NB-ioT, IQRF)

14.Use of IQRF technology for large data measurement and processing
a. Description of IQRF technology, product overview with focus on measurement
b. Creating a MESH network, setting up a network coordinator and individual
measurement nodes
c. Data transfer to cloud
d. Data processing and visualization

Comment: The number of lecture topics does not have to correspond to the order and number of
weeks in the semester.

Laboratories:
Exercise 1 - Introduction
- Introductory tutorials, familiarization with laboratory equipment,
safety training, familiarization with laboratory tasks, familiarization
with the simulation SW Multisim.

Exercise 2 - Rectifiers, stabilizers
- Introduction to single-way and two-way rectifiers and activities of
stabilizers (with Zener diode, 78XX), simulation of rectifier wiring using
Multisim, practical connection of one-way and two-way rectifiers, Greatz
bridge and practical connection of given stabilizers connection of
individual waveforms on oscilloscope, comparison with simulation curves.

Exercise 3 - Dynamic properties of time-based systems
- Practical verification of dynamic characteristics of systems in the time
domain, measurement of the transient characteristic of the RC cell,
simulation of the transition characteristic for different time constants in
Multisim, verification of transient characteristics on a measuring
instrument for 3 time constants, plotting of individual oscilloscope,
comparison with simulation waveforms.

Exercise 4 - Dynamic properties of the systems in the frequency domain
- Practical verification of the dynamic characteristics of the systems in
the frequency domain, design of passive and active first order low pass
filter with SW FilterPro for the specified critical frequency, simulation
of designed wiring using Multisim, practical realization of proposed
wiring, measurement of frequency characteristics and their plotting on the
spectral analyzer, comparison with simulation curves.

Exercise 5 - Basic Connections with Operational Amplifiers
- Practical Measurement and Demonstration of Basic Wiring with OA, Design of
Inverting, Non-Inverting, Integration, Derivative and Summing Wiring,
Simulation of Connection in Multisim, Practical Implementation of the
Wiring, Drawing of Individual Waveforms on Oscilloscope, Comparison with
Simulation Waves, Discussion of Measurement Mistakes OA.

Exercises 6 - AD Converters
- Practical demonstration of the operation of A / D converters, simulation
of individual types of A / D converters using Multisim, demonstration
measurement of A / D converters on measuring instrument, comparison of
measured values with simulation, discussion of parameters of individual
types of A / D converters.

Exercise 7 - Temperature Measurement
- Introduction to the methods of temperature measurement, introduction to
individual methods used, examples of individual sensors, description of
their properties (range, accuracy, output signal, dynamic
characteristics), design and practical realization of measurements using
resistance sensors PT 100, thermocouples, DS18B20, discussion accuracy of
measurement.

Exercise 8 - Special features of modern oscilloscopes - decoding of serial buses
- Getting acquainted with modern digital oscilloscope functions.
Demonstration of use of FFT, ZOOM, mathematical operations. Demonstration
of the use of serial bus decoding options - I2C. Data export options.

Exercise 9 - Technical diagnostics
- Acquaintance with the field of technical diagnostics, methodology of
measurement and evaluation of critical states, demonstration of motor
speed measurement using accelerometer and PULSE system, demonstration of
data processing in frequency and time domain

Exercise 10 - Demonstration of the use of HW solutions for measuring analog signal,
transmission and data visualization
- Acquaintance with the commercial possibilities of the converters of the
measured variables on the unified signal / bus, demonstration of using
the AD4ETH converter, practical realization of analog signal measurement
and data transfer via ethernet, visualization of the measured values
using www pages

Exercise 11 - Electromagnetic Compatibility - Basics of Measurement
- Introduction to measurement of EMC parameters of technological equipment,
demonstration of necessary equipment for EMI testing, demonstration of
measurement of disturbing signals transmitted along line and space,
demonstration of measurement using near-field probes, demonstration of
measurement in GTEM chamber

Exercise 12 - Demonstration of the use of IQRF technology for measuring and
visualizing data.
- Getting acquainted to know the IQRF for measurement. Measurement sample
on the development kit - temperature measurement.

Exercise 13 - Demonstration of MESH network creation and extensive measurement
systems, data transfer to cloud, data processing.
- Getting acquainted with the design and creation of the MESH network.
Assembly of MESH network for temperature and humidity measurement.
Demonstration of data transfer to cloud, processing and visualization.

Exercise 14 - Consultation Exercise, Alternative Measurement, Discussion on
Measurement Protocols, credit.


Recommended or Required Reading
Required Reading:
TUMAŃSKI, Sławomir. Principles of electrical measurement. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2006. Sensors series. ISBN 9780750310383.

ALAN S. MORRIS. Measurement and Instrumentation Principles. 3rd ed. Burlington: Elsevier, 2001. ISBN 9780080496481.

HAASZ, Vladimír a Miloš SEDLÁČEK. Elektrická měření: přístroje a metody. Praha: České vysoké učení technické, 1998. ISBN 80-01-01717-6.

CARR, Joseph J. Elements of electronic instrumentation and measurement. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, c1996. ISBN 0-13-341686-0.

HÁJOVSKÝ, Radovan, POKORNÝ, Miroslav. Elektronická měření a přístroje. Studijní materiály pro studijní obor Měřicí a řídicí technika Fakulty elektrotechniky a informatiky. Operační program Vzdělávání pro konkurenceschopnost: Inovace oboru Měřicí a řídicí technika na FEI, VŠB - TU Ostrava, CZ.1.07/2.2.00/15.0113
Recommended Reading:
NORTHROP, Robert B. Introduction to instrumentation and measurements. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, c2005. ISBN 978-0849337734.

TUMAŃSKI, Sławomir. Principles of electrical measurement. New York: Taylor & Francis,
2006. Sensors series. ISBN 9780750310383.

ROBERT B. GILLIES. Instrumentation and measurements for electronic technicians. 2nd ed. New York: Merrill, 1993. ISBN 0023430516.
VEDRAL, Josef a Jan FISCHER. Elektronické obvody pro měřící techniku. Vyd. 2. Praha: Vydavatelství ČVUT, 2004. ISBN 80-01-02966-2.

KOVÁČ, Dobroslav, Irena KOVÁČOVÁ a Ján KAŇUCH. EMC z hlediska teorie a aplikace. Praha: BEN - technická literatura, 2006. ISBN 80-7300-202-7.

VACULÍK, Emil a Polina VACULÍKOVÁ. Elektronická kompaktibilita elektrotechnických systémů: praktický průvodce techniky omezení elektromagnetického vf rušení : ČSN-ČSN EN-ČSN IEC-ČSN CISPR-ČSN ETS. Praha: Grada, 1998. ISBN 80-7169-568-8.
Planned learning activities and teaching methods
Lectures, Individual consultations, Tutorials, Experimental work in labs
Assesment methods and criteria
Task TitleTask TypeMaximum Number of Points
(Act. for Subtasks)
Minimum Number of Points for Task Passing
Credit and ExaminationCredit and Examination100 (100)51
        CreditCredit40 10
        ExaminationExamination60 10