| Course Unit Code | 636-2003/04 |
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| Number of ECTS Credits Allocated | 6 ECTS credits |
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| Type of Course Unit * | Optional |
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| Level of Course Unit * | First Cycle |
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| Year of Study * | Third Year |
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| Semester when the Course Unit is delivered | Winter Semester |
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| Mode of Delivery | Face-to-face |
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| Language of Instruction | Czech |
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| Prerequisites and Co-Requisites | Course succeeds to compulsory courses of previous semester |
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| Name of Lecturer(s) | Personal ID | Name |
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| VOD37 | prof. Ing. Vlastimil Vodárek, CSc. |
| Summary |
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Structure-property relationships in technical materials; atomic structure and
binding in solids; principles of crystallography; crystal structures of
elements and binary alloys; point defects in metals and alloys; diffusion in
metallic systems; line defects in crystal lattice - dislocations;
solidification of metals and alloys; phase transformations in solids; hardening mechanisms. |
| Learning Outcomes of the Course Unit |
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| Introduce students to structure – property relationships in solids. Define crystal structure and the influence of defects in crystalline materials on their mechanical properties. Characterize microstructural changes taking place during thermal or mechanical treatment of metallic materials. |
| Course Contents |
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1. Contents and the aim of the course. Significance of studies on structure property relationships in technical materials.
2. Atomic structure in solids. Bohr´s model of atom. Wave mechanics model of atom. Electronic structure of elements. Periodic table of elements. Ionisation energy. Binding in solids (ion, covalent, metallic and Van der Waals).
3. Crystalline and amorphous solids. Basics of crystallography. Theory of repetition, translation periodicity of crystals, elementary cell, space lattice, basic principles of reciprocal lattice, symmetry of crystals, laws of geometrical crystallography.
4. Crystal structures of elements (molecular orbites, band theory, structures of closed packed atoms, structures with directed bounds). Allotropy. Polar structures. Binary alloys structures (solid solutions, ordered phases, electron compounds, alloys with dominant size factor, compounds of transitive elements with variable composition, interstitial compounds).
5. Point defects in metals and alloys. Equilibrium concentration of point defects. Formation of non-equilibrium concentration of point defects (quenching, plastic deformation). Recovery of excessive point defects. Diffusion in metallic systems. Basic diffusion equations (I. and II. Fick´s law). Atomic theory of diffusion, mechanisms of diffusion of substitutional and interstitial atoms. Selfdiffusion. Effect of temperature- thermal activation.
6. Paths of high diffusivity (diffusion along grain boundaries and free surfaces). Stress induced diffusion, diffusion in alloys, diffusion at concentration gradient, practical examples of diffusion.
7. Line defects in crystal lattice - dislocations. Basic classification, definition Burger´s vector, movement of dislocations, stess field of dislocation, forces affecting dislocations, energy of dislocation, stacking faults.
8. Interactions between dislocations: crossing of dislocations, movement of jogs on dislocations, cross slip, climbing, dislocation reactions, dislocation density, dislocation sources. Dislocations in important crystal structures. FCC: dislocation reactions, Thompson tetraedra, stacking faults and partial dislocations.
9. HCP: dislocation reactions, stacking faults and partial dislocations. BCC: dislocation reactions, stacking faults and partial dislocations.
- Interaction of dislocations with point defects. Dislocations in systems with long-range order. Grain and subgrain boundaries, interfaces between phases.
10. Phase Transformations. Solidification of metals and alloys. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. Crystal growth in pure metals. Solidification of alloys. Eutectic reaction. Peritectic reaction. Solidification of castings (ingots) and conticasts.
11. Phase transformations in solids, classification. Diffusive transformations, precipitation, ordering, eutectoid reaction, massive transformations, polymorphous transformations. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation.
12. Diffusionless transformations. Kinetics of transformations.
13. Deformation strengthening. Strengthening curves of FCC, HCP and BCC monocrystals. Theory of strengthening of pure metals. Plastic deformation of polycrystals. Strengthening in two phase materials. Substitutional strengthening. Precipitation strengthening: coherent and non-coherent particles.
14. Fracture mechanisms. Griffith´s criterion. Stages of fracture process. Brittle fracture. Ductile fracture. Stress corrosion fracture. Fatigue fracture. Creep fracture. |
| Recommended or Required Reading |
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| Required Reading: |
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SMALLMAN, R. E., R. J. Bishop. Modern Physical Metallurgy and Materials Engineering. Oxford: Butterworth, 1999.
ASHBY, M. F., D. R. H. Jones. Engineering Materials 2, Oxford: Butterworth – Heinemann, 1999. |
VODÁREK, V. Struktura a vlastnosti pevných látek, Ostrava: VŠB-TU Ostrava, 2010.
http://katedry.fmmi.vsb.cz/Opory_FMMI/636/636-Vodarek-Struktura-a-vlastnosti-pevnych-latek.pdf
KRATOCHVÍL, P., P. LUKÁČ a B. SPRUŠIL. Úvod do fyziky kovů I, Praha: SNTL Alfa, 1984.
POKLUDA, J., F. KROUPA a L. OBDRŽÁLEK. Mechanické vlastnosti a struktura pevných látek, Brno: PC DIR, 1994. ISBN 802-1405759. |
| Recommended Reading: |
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GUY, A. Elements of Physical Metallurgy. Massachusetts: Addisson-Wesley Publishing Company, 1969.
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SMALLMAN, R. E. a R. J. BISHOP. Modern physical metallurgy and materials engineering. Oxford: Butterworth - Heinemann, 1999. ISBN
978-0-750-64564-5.
JONES, D. R. H. a M. F. ASHBY. Engineering materials 2, 4th edition, Oxford: Butterworth – Heinemann, 2012. ISBN 978-0080966687.
PTÁČEK, L. Nauka o materiálu II. 2. opr. a rozš. vydání, Brno: Akademické nakladatelství CERM, 2002. ISBN 80-7204-248-3. |
| Planned learning activities and teaching methods |
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| Lectures, Tutorials, Experimental work in labs, Project work |
| Assesment methods and criteria |
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| Task Title | Task Type | Maximum Number of Points
(Act. for Subtasks) | Minimum Number of Points for Task Passing |
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| Credit and Examination | Credit and Examination | 100 (100) | 51 |
| Credit | Credit | 30 | 15 |
| Examination | Examination | 70 | 36 |