| Course Unit Code | 636-3001/05 |
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| Number of ECTS Credits Allocated | 7 ECTS credits |
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| Type of Course Unit * | Compulsory |
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| Level of Course Unit * | Second Cycle |
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| Year of Study * | First Year |
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| Semester when the Course Unit is delivered | Winter Semester |
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| Mode of Delivery | Face-to-face |
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| Language of Instruction | Czech |
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| Prerequisites and Co-Requisites | There are no prerequisites or co-requisites for this course unit |
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| Name of Lecturer(s) | Personal ID | Name |
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| VOD37 | prof. Ing. Vlastimil Vodárek, CSc. |
| Summary |
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| The course deals with basic thermodynamic, kinetic and crystallographic characteristics of phase transformations in metallic materials. Phase transformations in technically important alloys are demonstrated on practical examples. |
| Learning Outcomes of the Course Unit |
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| The course is focused on basic theoretical rules of phase transformations which can take place during production and subsequent treatment of metallic materials. The goal of the course is to train students in identification of transformation products in metallic materials and to define a probable mechanism of phase transformations taking place under given circumstances of technological treatment of materials. |
| Course Contents |
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1. Structure of crystalline materials. Allotropy in pure metals.
2. Structure of binary alloys, substitutional solid solutions, short range and long range ordering, interstitial solid solutions, intermediary phases, electron compounds, Laves phases and electrochemical compounds.
3. Thermodynamics of phase transformations, one-component systems, effect of pressure on equilibrium. Binary solutions: ideal solutions, chemical potential, regular solutions, activity, equilibrium in heterogeneous systems, relationship between binary diagrams and Gibbs free energy curves, influence of interfaces on equilibrium.
4. Kinetics of phase transformations. Arrhenius equation.
5. Classification of phase transformations. First order and second order transformations.
6. Solidification. Nucleation in pure metals: homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, growth of thermal dendrites in pure metals, solidification of single-phase alloys.
7. Solidification of binary alloys. Constitutional undercooling, dendritic growth, solidification of eutectic alloys, solidification of hypoeutectic and peritectic alloys, examples of solidification.
8. Diffusional transformations in solids. Precipitation: homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation in solids, nucleation rate, growth and coarsening of precipitates, precipitation sequence, precipitation in age-hardening alloys. Discontinuous and continuous precipitation, interphase transformation.
9. Thermodynamic and kinetic modelling of precipitation reactions. Kinetics of diffusional phase transformations: Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. TTT and CCT diagrams.
10. Crystal interfaces in solids: coherent, semi-coherent and incoherent interfaces. Glissile interfaces. Interface migration.
11. Homogeneous transformation: spinodal decomposition. Mechanisms of ordering transformations.
12. Massive transformations. Pro-eutectoid and eutectoid transformations. Austenitizing. Bainitic transformation.
13. Difussionless phase transformations. Athermal and isothermal transformations. Martensite nucleation and growth. Shape deformation at martensitic transformation, habit plane. Martensite crystallography in Fe – C alloys. Bain deformation. Martensite morphology in Fe – C alloys. Tempering of martensite in steels, tempering embrittlement.
14. Deformation induced martensitic transformation. Thermoelastic martensitic transformation, self–accommodation martensite. Transformation and reorientation induced pseudoelasticity. Shape memory effect. |
| Recommended or Required Reading |
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| Required Reading: |
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VODÁREK, V. Phase transformations, Ostrava: VŠB – TU Ostrava, 2013. Available from:
http://katedry.fmmi.vsb.cz/Opory_FMMI_ENG/AEM/Phase%20Transformations.pdf.
PORTER, D. A., K. E. EASTERLING and M. Y. SHERIF. Phase transformations in metals and alloys. 3rd edition, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4200-6210-6.
BHADESHIA, H. K. D. H. and R. W .K. HONEYCOMBE. Steels: Microstructure and Properties, 4th edition, Oxford: Butterworths - Heinemann, 2017. ISBN 978-0081002704.
BANERJEE, P. and P. MUKHOPADHYAY. Phase Transformations: Examples from Titanium and Zirconium Alloys, Elsevier, 2010. ISBN: 9780080548791. |
VODÁREK, V. Fázové přeměny, Ostrava: VŠB – TU Ostrava, 2013. Dostupné z:
https://www.fmmi.vsb.cz/modin/cs/studijni-opory/resitelsky-tym-3-materialove-izenyrstvi/fazove-premeny/index.html.
PTÁČEK, L. Nauka o materiálu II. 2. opr. a rozš. vydání, Brno: Akademické nakladatelství CERM, 2002. ISBN 80-7204-248-3.
PORTER, D. A., K. E. EASTERLING a M. Y. SHERIF. Phase transformations in metals and alloys. 3rd edition, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4200-6210-6.
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| Recommended Reading: |
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| HAASEN, P. and B. L. MORDIKE. Physical metallurgy, 3rd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-521-55092-5. |
PÍŠEK, F., et al. Nauka o materiálu I, Nauka o kovech. 2. rozš. a zcela přeprac. vydání, Praha: Academia, 1975.
ABBASCHIAN, R., L. ABBASCHIAN a R. E. REED-HILL. Physical metallurgy principles. 4th edition, Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2009. ISBN 978-0-495-08254-5. |
| Planned learning activities and teaching methods |
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| Lectures, Tutorials, Experimental work in labs, Project work |
| Assesment methods and criteria |
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| Task Title | Task Type | Maximum Number of Points
(Act. for Subtasks) | Minimum Number of Points for Task Passing |
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| Credit and Examination | Credit and Examination | 100 (100) | 51 |
| Credit | Credit | 35 | 21 |
| Examination | Examination | 65 | 30 |