History of Art 1

1. European Neoclassicism. Winckelmann and the emergence of art history as an academic discipline; French Neoclassicism in the service of both the Republic and the Empire.
2. Hume’s aesthetic subjectivism and forms of Romanticism in French, German, and English painting.
3. Landscape painting between Romanticism and Positivism; nature as a voluntary refuge; the urban–rural divide and the first consequences of industrialization. 19th-century Realism.
4. The beginnings of modern art: Academicism vs. Realism. Édouard Manet and the establishment of the Salon des Refusés.
5. Impressionism as the culmination of the illusionistic tradition in art history; the theory of the “innocent eye.”
6. Neo-Impressionism – an attempt to make painting more “scientific” and a return to monumental form.
7–10. Paul Gauguin’s Synthetism and Émile Bernard’s Cloisonnism. A break with history? Post-Impressionism and Symbolism (Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, Edvard Munch, James Ensor, Auguste Rodin, Medardo Rosso, Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon).
11–13. Overview of the development of Czech visual art in the 19th century and its European context – the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague and figurative painting after 1800; the Neoclassical ideal in sculpture; Biedermeier: individuality and order; history painting; landscape painting; Art Nouveau Symbolism; and the architecture of the “long 19th century.”