Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering

Lectures:
1. The principles of electric current and circuits – basic concepts, definitions, and laws of magnetic and electromagnetic fields (repetition of physics). Direct current (DC) circuits – connections, power, nonlinear circuits. Basics of safety when working with electrical equipment.
2. Alternating current: origin, descriptions, characteristic values, parameters, circuit quantities with R, L, C elements, power, compensation. Three-phase system and circuits: origin, properties, power, circuit solutions, rotating field.
3. Switching and fusing low-voltage electrical devices – classification, functions, protective and switching devices, protectors, basic classification, description of the design and operation of individual types of electromagnets, properties, use.
4. Electrical machines - definition and basic classification. Non-rotating electrical machines - transformers - classification, description of construction and operation, operating states, expression of properties and parameters, measurement of single-phase transformers. Use of transformers.
5. Asynchronous, synchronous, and DC machines—classification, design, operating principle, starting methods, speed control and braking, applications.
6. Fundamentals of semiconductor technology - P-N junction, diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, V-A characteristics of these elements, rectifiers, basic applications in electrical devices.
7. Practical applications of semiconductor converters - Types of power semiconductor converters (rectifiers, inverters, DC/DC converters) and their principles. Use in industry, transport, renewable energy sources, and consumer electronics. Converter control, efficiency, EMC, thermal dimensioning, and practical aspects of design.
8. Electricity generation – principles and technologies. Overview of the main types of power plants: conventional (coal, gas, nuclear) and their energy characteristics. Renewable energy sources (RES): photovoltaics, wind power plants, hydroelectric power plants, biomass; their possibilities, limitations, and impact on grid stability. Decentralized production, cogeneration, and impacts on distribution systems. Electricity storage. Backups.
9. Electricity transmission and distribution – transmission and distribution system. Structure and function: transmission (extra-high voltage, high voltage), distribution (low voltage, medium voltage), voltage transformation. Power lines - types, requirements, dimensioning considerations, protection and selectivity. Network connection and their typical use.
10. Electrical heat - generation of heat from electrical energy, types and descriptions of individual electrothermal devices.
11. Electric light - Physical principles of light generation, light quantities and parameters (luminous intensity, luminous flux, efficiency). Design and properties of light sources (incandescent bulbs, fluorescent lamps, LEDs, special sources). Design and control of lighting systems, energy efficiency, standards and trends in lighting.
12. Smart electrical installations in buildings: architecture of smart systems – sensors and actuators, bus types, communication protocols. Lighting control, shading, temperature control and air recovery, heating and cooling sources, security, protection and access systems for buildings, energy management. Practical examples of implementation.