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Ukončeno v akademickém roce 2009/2010

Mathematical Logic

Type of study Follow-up Master
Language of instruction Czech
Code 456-0349/01
Abbreviation ML
Course title Mathematical Logic
Credits 8
Coordinating department Department of Computer Science
Course coordinator prof. RNDr. Marie Duží, CSc.

Osnova předmětu

Lectures:
The notion of relation: Homogeneous and heterogeneous relations. Binary relations and their types. Reflexivity, ireflexivity, symmetry, antisymmetry, asymmetry, tranzitivity.
Mapping as a special type of relation. Complete, total, partial mapping. Surjection, injection, bijection. Semantic exposition of propositional and 1st-order predicate logic.

Basic principles of logical calculi and theories. The notion of a proof, axiom and theorem.
Rezolution method of proving logical validity and validity of an argument. Robinson's unification algorithm. Logical programming.
The natural deduction system (Gentzen). Proof in the system. Soundness and completeness.
Hilbert-like proof calculus. The notion of a proof in the calculus. Theorem of deduction, soundness and completeness.
Axiomatic theories and their properties.
The set theory, relational and algebraic theories. Robinson and Peano arithmetic. (In)completeness, decidability, models.
Gödel theorems and their importance in computer science.
Closure of a relation, equivalence, factor set.
Ordering Relations (partial, complete, quasi-ordering, linear).
General notion of an operation. Algebras and their morphisms.
Fundamentals of the lattice theory.

Exercises:
Deductively valid arguments
Naive theory of sets
Propositional logic, language and semantics
Resolution method in propositional logic
First-order predicate logic, language and semantics
Relation, function, countable and uncountable sets

Semantic tableau
Aristotelova logika
Resolution method in 1st-order predicate logic
Proof calculi: natural deduction and Hilbert calculus
Theory of relations, functions, algebras

Projects:
Solving a given problem by natural deduction and resolution methods

Povinná literatura

M.Duží: Mathematical logic.
http://www.cs.vsb.cz/duzi/Mat-logika.html
Z. Manna: Mathematical theory of Computer Science. McGraw-Hill, 1974.

Doporučená literatura

Brown, J.R.: Philosophy of Mathematics. Routledge, 1999.
Thayse, A.: From Standard Logic to Logic Programming, John Wiley & Sons, 1988

Nerode, Anil - Shore, Richard A. Logic for applications. New York : Springer-Verlag, 1993. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science.
Richards, T.: Clausal Form Logic. An Introduction to the Logic of Computer Reasoning. Adison-Wesley, 1989.
Bibel, W.: Deduction (Automated Logic). Academia Press, 1993.
Fitting, Melvin. First order logic and automated theorem proving [1996]. 2nd ed. New York : Springer, 1996. Graduate texts in computer science.