The lecture discusses metal materials and three large groups of non-metallic materials: ceramics and minerals, plastics and carbonaceous materials. The main emphasis is placed on the structure of the materials. The wide range of substances described allows listeners to get an idea of the connections between solids and their properties (mechanical, electrical, magnetic, etc.) even under extreme conditions. Attention is paid to the regularity (organization) of the internal structure of the materials and the various forms of their disturbance as well as to the influence of this disturbance on the properties of the substances.