The mass balance in the system: lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. The historical background and anthropogennous influence, the methods of determination. Criticial loads in surface waters and in soils. The natural cycles of main biogenic elements: S, N, C and the possibilities of the changes during anthropogenic activity. Geochemistry of landscape, urban areas and industrial areas. The enrichment factor of heavy metals and metalloids, the influence on health of population. Geochemistry of water.