Electrochemistry homogenous systems: Electrolyte solutions. Equilibria in electrolyte solutions, characteristics of electrolytes, degree of dissociation, Arrhenius theory. Faraday's laws of electrolysis and its use. Conductivity of electrolyte solutions and its measurement. Molar conductivity and limiting molar conductivity of electrolytes and ions. Ion mobility and its measurement. Using conductivity measurement in chemistry. Activity and activity coefficient. Ionic strength. The dependence of the activity coefficient on the ionic strength. Debye-Hückel theory. Theory of acids and bases. Dissociation of strong and weak electrolytes. The degree of dissociation, and the dissociation constant. Arrhenius and Brönsted's theory of acids and bases. Autoprotolysis. pH and acidity scale (Hammett). Approximate calculations pH of acidic and basic solutions. PH measurement - practical pH scale. Hydrolysis of salts. Buffers - their description and practical implementation. Buffering capacity. Sparingly soluble salt. Ampholytes. Tautomeric equilibria of electrolyte solutions - acid-base indicators. Complex electrolytes. Lewis theory of acids and bases.
- Electrochemistry of heterogeneous systems: electrochemical potential. Electrode, galvanic cell. Equilibrium (electromotive) voltage and electrical work galvanic cell. The electrode potential. Nernst equation. Reversible electrodes - sorting and examples including the use in practice. Potential liquid interface. ISE - Ion Selective Electrode. Electric double layer. Kinetics of electrode processes. Polarization electrodes.
- Reaction kinetics: The isolated and simultaneous reactions. Reaction rate. Rate constant, reaction order, molecularity response. Reaction mechanism. Simple one-way reactions, 0, I and II. Regulations. Half-reaction, influence of temperature and other factors on the reaction rate. The reaction of higher order. Methods for determining the reaction order. Simultaneous reactions - reversible, parallel and consecutive, autocatalytic. Chain reactions. Catalysis - homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic. Reaction in solution - the influence of ionic strength on the reaction rate. Photochemical processes.
- Colloidal Systems: Characteristics and basic properties of colloidal systems. Distribution of colloidal systems by phase arrangement, respectively. interactions at the interface. Lyophilic, lyophobic and association colloids, optical, kinetic and electrical properties of colloids, suspensions, interfacial properties, formation of a suspension, sedimentation, emulsion type emulsions, the theory of formation and stability of the liquid surface, the surface and interfacial tension, adsorption at the liquid interphase surface active agents, hydrophilic-lipophilic system, electric double layer, Nernst and zeta potential, the influence of electrolytes. Molecular and kinetic, optical and electrical properties of colloidal systems.
Physical properties of substances, photochemistry: The polarity of substances dipole moment, relative permittivity, absorption of electromagnetic radiation, Lambert-Beer law, atomic spectra of absorption and emission, absorption of light molecules in the UV, VIS, and IR regions of the electromagnetic radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, emission molecular spectra (Raman phenomenon, fluorescence and phosphorescence), photochemical reactions.
- Electrochemistry of heterogeneous systems: electrochemical potential. Electrode, galvanic cell. Equilibrium (electromotive) voltage and electrical work galvanic cell. The electrode potential. Nernst equation. Reversible electrodes - sorting and examples including the use in practice. Potential liquid interface. ISE - Ion Selective Electrode. Electric double layer. Kinetics of electrode processes. Polarization electrodes.
- Reaction kinetics: The isolated and simultaneous reactions. Reaction rate. Rate constant, reaction order, molecularity response. Reaction mechanism. Simple one-way reactions, 0, I and II. Regulations. Half-reaction, influence of temperature and other factors on the reaction rate. The reaction of higher order. Methods for determining the reaction order. Simultaneous reactions - reversible, parallel and consecutive, autocatalytic. Chain reactions. Catalysis - homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic. Reaction in solution - the influence of ionic strength on the reaction rate. Photochemical processes.
- Colloidal Systems: Characteristics and basic properties of colloidal systems. Distribution of colloidal systems by phase arrangement, respectively. interactions at the interface. Lyophilic, lyophobic and association colloids, optical, kinetic and electrical properties of colloids, suspensions, interfacial properties, formation of a suspension, sedimentation, emulsion type emulsions, the theory of formation and stability of the liquid surface, the surface and interfacial tension, adsorption at the liquid interphase surface active agents, hydrophilic-lipophilic system, electric double layer, Nernst and zeta potential, the influence of electrolytes. Molecular and kinetic, optical and electrical properties of colloidal systems.
Physical properties of substances, photochemistry: The polarity of substances dipole moment, relative permittivity, absorption of electromagnetic radiation, Lambert-Beer law, atomic spectra of absorption and emission, absorption of light molecules in the UV, VIS, and IR regions of the electromagnetic radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, emission molecular spectra (Raman phenomenon, fluorescence and phosphorescence), photochemical reactions.