1. Fundamental definitions of biology and ecology: biology and ecology as natural sciences. Brief history of biology and ecology, definition of life
2. Cell: cell structure, differences between plant and animal cell, cell wall, cell membrane, organelles
3. Animals: basic taxonomic classification, evolution, protostomes and deuterostomes, invertebrates and vertebrates
4. Plants: basic taxonomic classification, evolution, non-vascular and vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms, monocots and dicotyledons
5. Animal physiology: physiology of the animal cell, metabolism, thermoregulation, breathing
6. Plant physiology: physiology of the plant cell, metabolism, uptake, transport and excretion of water and nutrients, photosynthesis
7. Essentials of genetics: genes and alleles, Mendel’s laws, heredity, molecular basis of heredity, mutations, replication and transcription
8. Ecology: disciplines of ecology, ecology according to the object of the research, related life sciences, ecology as mathematical biology
9. Ecology: biogeochemical cycles, water, oxygen and carbon cycles, food chains – producers, consumers and decomposers, grazing food chain, detritus food chain, parasitic food chain
10. Ecology: Interaction between the organisms and their environment – fundamental terms and definitions, ecological valence, environmental conditions affecting the organism – biotic and abiotic
11. Ecology: interspecific and intraspecific interactions – neutralism, protocooperation, commensalism, mutualism, amensalism, competition, predation, parasitism; territoriality, same-species groups of organisms
12. Ecology: essentials of ethology and behavioural ecology – terms and concepts, sociality, altruism, innate behaviour, learning
13. Ecology: environmental change assessment, monitoring of the environment, bioindication, biomonitoring
2. Cell: cell structure, differences between plant and animal cell, cell wall, cell membrane, organelles
3. Animals: basic taxonomic classification, evolution, protostomes and deuterostomes, invertebrates and vertebrates
4. Plants: basic taxonomic classification, evolution, non-vascular and vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms, monocots and dicotyledons
5. Animal physiology: physiology of the animal cell, metabolism, thermoregulation, breathing
6. Plant physiology: physiology of the plant cell, metabolism, uptake, transport and excretion of water and nutrients, photosynthesis
7. Essentials of genetics: genes and alleles, Mendel’s laws, heredity, molecular basis of heredity, mutations, replication and transcription
8. Ecology: disciplines of ecology, ecology according to the object of the research, related life sciences, ecology as mathematical biology
9. Ecology: biogeochemical cycles, water, oxygen and carbon cycles, food chains – producers, consumers and decomposers, grazing food chain, detritus food chain, parasitic food chain
10. Ecology: Interaction between the organisms and their environment – fundamental terms and definitions, ecological valence, environmental conditions affecting the organism – biotic and abiotic
11. Ecology: interspecific and intraspecific interactions – neutralism, protocooperation, commensalism, mutualism, amensalism, competition, predation, parasitism; territoriality, same-species groups of organisms
12. Ecology: essentials of ethology and behavioural ecology – terms and concepts, sociality, altruism, innate behaviour, learning
13. Ecology: environmental change assessment, monitoring of the environment, bioindication, biomonitoring