Introduction: Physical chemistry in terms of applications relevant to analytical chemistry and technology used in environmental engineering. Basic concepts, thermodynamic system, thermodynamic process, state variables.
Intermolecular forces and states of matter: binding and non-custodial interactions, crystallography, X-ray diffraction, polymorphism, isomoprhy, isotropy, anisotropy, liquid crystals.
Physical properties of materials, photochemistry: The polarity of substances, dipole moment, relative permittivity, absorption of electromagnetic radiation, Lambert-Beer law, atomic absorption and emission spectra, light absorption molecules in the UV, VIS and IR regions of the electromagnetic radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, molecular emission spectrum (Raman scattering, fluorescence and phosphorescence), photochemical reactions.
Thermodynamics: The first law of thermodynamics, internal energy and enthalpy, thermochemistry, reaction heat and their dependence on temperature, Thermochemical laws, The second law of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible happens, entropy, Helmholtz and Gibbs energy, chemical potential, the concept of absolute entropy.
Chemical equilibrium: The equilibrium constant, the equilibrium degree of conversion and its effect on reaction conditions, le Chatelier's principle, the standard Gibbs energy change for the reaction, the dependence of equilibrium constants on temperature.
Phase equilibrium: Gibbs phase rule, types of systems, one component equilibrium, Clapeyron and Clausius-Clapeyron equation, two-component system, Henry's law, limited miscible liquid, soluble solids, solid systems and solvents, melts, Raoult law and its applications, and cryoscopy, ebullioscopy, osmotic pressure, three-component system, Nernst distribution law, extraction, triangular diagram, system of three liquids, the phase interface phenomena, principles of chromatographic methods, the basic methodology of thermal analysis.
Kinetics: reaction time, molecularity and order reaction, reaction mechanism, a simple one-way reactions, reactions of 0., I. and II. order, rate constant, half-reactions, influence of temperature and other factors on reaction rate, kinetics of simultaneous reactions, catalysis.
Electrochemistry: The balance in solutions of electrolytes, electrolyte characteristics, degree of dissociation, Arrhenius theory, activity, activity coefficient, ionic strength, Debye-Hückel limit relationship, dissociation of water, pH, theory of acids and bases, dissociation of weak acids and bases, calculation of pH, Ostwald dilution law, buffers, mechanisms of action, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, buffer capacity, salt hydrolysis, hydrolytic constant and calculating the pH of salts, electrolytes, Isoelectric point, acid-base indicators, solubility of precipitates, solubility, transport happens in solutions of electrolytes, conductivity of electrolytes , Kohlrausch law, Arrhenius relationship, the potential of the electrode in the solution of their ions, redox potential, types of electrodes, galvanic cells and measurement of EMN, fluid potential, electrolysis, Faraday's law, polarization, principle of classical polarography and related advanced electrochemical methods.
Colloidal systems: liophile, lyophobe and association colloids, optical, kinetic and electrical properties of colloids, suspensions, interphase properties, making suspensions, sedimentation, emulsion, emulsion types, theory of their formation and stability of liquid surfaces, and intersurface tension, adsorption in liquid interphase, surfactants, hydrophilic-lipophilic system, electric double layer, Nernst and zeta potential influence of electrolytes.
Intermolecular forces and states of matter: binding and non-custodial interactions, crystallography, X-ray diffraction, polymorphism, isomoprhy, isotropy, anisotropy, liquid crystals.
Physical properties of materials, photochemistry: The polarity of substances, dipole moment, relative permittivity, absorption of electromagnetic radiation, Lambert-Beer law, atomic absorption and emission spectra, light absorption molecules in the UV, VIS and IR regions of the electromagnetic radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, molecular emission spectrum (Raman scattering, fluorescence and phosphorescence), photochemical reactions.
Thermodynamics: The first law of thermodynamics, internal energy and enthalpy, thermochemistry, reaction heat and their dependence on temperature, Thermochemical laws, The second law of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible happens, entropy, Helmholtz and Gibbs energy, chemical potential, the concept of absolute entropy.
Chemical equilibrium: The equilibrium constant, the equilibrium degree of conversion and its effect on reaction conditions, le Chatelier's principle, the standard Gibbs energy change for the reaction, the dependence of equilibrium constants on temperature.
Phase equilibrium: Gibbs phase rule, types of systems, one component equilibrium, Clapeyron and Clausius-Clapeyron equation, two-component system, Henry's law, limited miscible liquid, soluble solids, solid systems and solvents, melts, Raoult law and its applications, and cryoscopy, ebullioscopy, osmotic pressure, three-component system, Nernst distribution law, extraction, triangular diagram, system of three liquids, the phase interface phenomena, principles of chromatographic methods, the basic methodology of thermal analysis.
Kinetics: reaction time, molecularity and order reaction, reaction mechanism, a simple one-way reactions, reactions of 0., I. and II. order, rate constant, half-reactions, influence of temperature and other factors on reaction rate, kinetics of simultaneous reactions, catalysis.
Electrochemistry: The balance in solutions of electrolytes, electrolyte characteristics, degree of dissociation, Arrhenius theory, activity, activity coefficient, ionic strength, Debye-Hückel limit relationship, dissociation of water, pH, theory of acids and bases, dissociation of weak acids and bases, calculation of pH, Ostwald dilution law, buffers, mechanisms of action, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, buffer capacity, salt hydrolysis, hydrolytic constant and calculating the pH of salts, electrolytes, Isoelectric point, acid-base indicators, solubility of precipitates, solubility, transport happens in solutions of electrolytes, conductivity of electrolytes , Kohlrausch law, Arrhenius relationship, the potential of the electrode in the solution of their ions, redox potential, types of electrodes, galvanic cells and measurement of EMN, fluid potential, electrolysis, Faraday's law, polarization, principle of classical polarography and related advanced electrochemical methods.
Colloidal systems: liophile, lyophobe and association colloids, optical, kinetic and electrical properties of colloids, suspensions, interphase properties, making suspensions, sedimentation, emulsion, emulsion types, theory of their formation and stability of liquid surfaces, and intersurface tension, adsorption in liquid interphase, surfactants, hydrophilic-lipophilic system, electric double layer, Nernst and zeta potential influence of electrolytes.