1. Types of water in terms of treatment, water sources. Pollutants in surface and ground water sources, drinking water quality requirements.
2. Overview of technological processes used in drinking water treatment. Pre-treatment of raw water. Settlement and thickening of suspensions. Settling and thickening tanks.
3. Dispersion systems, coloid particles, zeta potential. Water clarification, coagulation mechanism, coagulants, coagulation tests, types of clarifiers.
4. Filtration, filtration mechanism, filtration cycles. Types of filters, basic parameters and characteristics.
5. Manganese removal. Iron removal.
6. Decarbonisation - theory of calcium-carbonate balance. Mechanical and chemical methods of decarbonisation.
7. Removal of calcium and magnesium from water using precipitation processes.
8. Ion exchangers - ionex classification, ion parameters, working phases of ionexes, regeneration. Utilisation of ionexes - decarbonisation, demineralisation and deionisation of water.
9. Water treatment using membrane processes. Electrodyalysis.
10. Sanitary requirements for water, physical and chemical methods. Water desinfection using chlorine and its compounds. Desinfection using ozone.
11. Special processes in water treatment, dechlorination, fluoridisation, nitrate removal.
12. Adsorption - theory of the proces, its application in water treatment.
13. Water stabilisation, anti-corrosion measures.
14. Disposal and use of water sludge.
15. Special requirements for special water treatment in different branches (heat plants, boiler plants, etc.) and treatment methods.
2. Overview of technological processes used in drinking water treatment. Pre-treatment of raw water. Settlement and thickening of suspensions. Settling and thickening tanks.
3. Dispersion systems, coloid particles, zeta potential. Water clarification, coagulation mechanism, coagulants, coagulation tests, types of clarifiers.
4. Filtration, filtration mechanism, filtration cycles. Types of filters, basic parameters and characteristics.
5. Manganese removal. Iron removal.
6. Decarbonisation - theory of calcium-carbonate balance. Mechanical and chemical methods of decarbonisation.
7. Removal of calcium and magnesium from water using precipitation processes.
8. Ion exchangers - ionex classification, ion parameters, working phases of ionexes, regeneration. Utilisation of ionexes - decarbonisation, demineralisation and deionisation of water.
9. Water treatment using membrane processes. Electrodyalysis.
10. Sanitary requirements for water, physical and chemical methods. Water desinfection using chlorine and its compounds. Desinfection using ozone.
11. Special processes in water treatment, dechlorination, fluoridisation, nitrate removal.
12. Adsorption - theory of the proces, its application in water treatment.
13. Water stabilisation, anti-corrosion measures.
14. Disposal and use of water sludge.
15. Special requirements for special water treatment in different branches (heat plants, boiler plants, etc.) and treatment methods.