Definition of the problem. The process of extracting information. The analysis process . Evaluation of analytical results and procedures expression analysis results. Statistical processing of the results . Proposals for actions arising from the data obtained. Principles of Good Laboratory Practice . Fundamentals of chemometrics.
Sampling, the general principle sources of error . Standard operating procedures for sampling ; System QA / QC . Basic parameters of the sampling abiotic and biotic matrices .
Adjustment of the sample before analysis . Non-destructive methods . Methods destructive. Separation and concentration steps .
Qualitative analysis : classical system of separation of cations. Evidence heteroatoms in organic substances .
Overview of basic analytical methods and their general properties : methods based on weighing , measurement of volume. Understanding the various methods; instrumentation ; application in the analysis of environmental components ; advantages / disadvantages.
Introduction to instrumental methods . The use of both qualitative and quantitative. Definition of the problem. Analytical methods of absolute and comparative . Rapid analytical methods - screening. Purpose. Advantages / disadvantages. The calibration method. Trends in instrumental methods of analysis.
Electroanalytical methods based on voltage measurements. Electroanalytical methods based on the current measurement. Understanding the various methods; instrumentation ; application in the analysis of environmental components ; advantages / disadvantages.
Overview separation methods : Planar chromatography : TLC + HPTLC PC Column chromatography GC + LC. New trends: UHPLC , GC / MS , HPLC / MS. Understanding the various methods; instrumentation ; application in the analysis of environmental components ; advantages / disadvantages.
Electrophoresis . Mass spectrometry . Understanding the various methods; instrumentation ; application in the analysis of environmental components ; advantages / disadvantages.
Overview of optical methods . Optical spectral instruments . Refractometry , interferometry , polarimetry and turbidimetry : Understanding the various methods; instrumentation ; application in the analysis of environmental components ; advantages / disadvantages. Atomic emission spectral analysis . Flame photometry . Atomic absorption spectrometry . UV / Vis spectrometry . Luminescence analysis . Infrared spectrometry . Raman spectra ; X-ray fluorescence spectrometry . Radiochemical methods . Principles of methods, instrumentation , applications in the analysis of environmental components ; advantages / disadvantages.