Pedology and Hydrology Essentials

• Hydrosphere, hydrology. Basic concepts.
• Basin. Rainfall-runoff process in the basin. Hydrological cycle. Hydrological balance. The basic balance equation.
• atmospheric moisture. Evaporation. Precipitation (formation and types, extreme rain, precipitation measurements, surface and temporal distribution of rainfall.).
• Water flows. River Network (classification of the basic characteristics). Water states and their observation. Flow measurement. Specific flow curve.
• Lines in the frequency and flow duration curves. Influences the surface runoff. Maximum flow. Minimum flows. Winter flow regime and ice phenomena. Floods.
• Water tank. The purpose of water reservoirs and their distribution. The water catchment tank, determine the maximum amount of runoff. Dams. Thermal and chemical stratification. Movements of water masses.
• Subsurface water. Groundwater. Hydrological balance of groundwater quality and value. Underground drainage component. Review of methods for determining the groundwater flow component.
• pedogenesis (pedogenetické factors - the mother substrate, climate, organisms, topography, groundwater, human activity, the effect of time), partial pedogenetické processes - weathering, soil humus, peat, translocation and accumulation).
• Physical properties of soil (soil structure, soil porosity, soil water, soil air, soil temperature regime). Chemistry of soil and agrochemical properties of soil.
• Systematics and classification of soils (soil profile and characteristics of soil horizons). Soil types.
• hydropedology: Characteristics of soil water. Category soil water. Potential soil water. Classification systems of soil water. Measurement of soil moisture. Thermodynamics of soil water.
• Movement of soil water (water movement in soil saturated with water, filtration coefficient and its determination, the movement of water in unsaturated soil water infiltration, movement of water vapor in the soil.