1. Introduction to the Organic Chemistry. Binding properties of carbon atom (molecular orbitals, sigma- and pi- bonds, bond energy, bond polarity, hybridization, electron effects).Principles of the stereochemistry of organic compounds and writting structures (types of formulas and models). Polymerism and isomerism (constitutional- and stereo-isomers, chirality). Conformation.
2.The system and the nomenclature of organic chemistry. Organic compounds classification. Principles of the IUPAC nomenclature.
3.Intermolecular forces. The relationship between the structure and the properties of substances (boiling and melting points, solubility).
4.Reactions of organic compounds and their mechanism. Classifying Organic Chemical Reactions.
Homolysis and heterolysis of bonds to carbon. Radical, electrophilic and nucleophilic species. Molecularity, order and mechanism of the reaction. Reaction energetics and the theory of transition state (energy of activation, free-energy diagrams, reaction heat).
5.Alifatic and alicyclic saturated hydrocarbons.Radical substitution. Cracking (noncatalysed and catalyzed) and isomerisation. Hydrocarbon resources and their utilization. Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Radical and ion additions to multiplebonds. Elimination reactions. Resources and industrial utilization of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
6.Aromatic hydrocarbons. Theory of the aromaticity. Reactions of aromatic compounds (nitration, sulfonation, alkylation, acylation, oxidation, catalytic hydrogenation). Petrochemical and coal-tar sources of aromatic hydrocarbons. Industrial utilization. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their toxicological risk.
7. Derivatives of hydrocarbons. Halogen and hydroxy derivatives. Ethers. Properties, toxicology, applications. The most important reactions.
8.Nitrogen derivatives (nitro compounds, amines, nitrogen containing heterocycles). Reactivity, properties, toxicology.
9.Carbonyl compounds. Reactivity ( oxidation, reduction and addition to carbonyl group). Preparation and utilization.
10.Carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Acidity versus structure, neutralization. Reactivity of the carboxylic group (esterification, decarboxylation). Industrially the most important acids and their utilization.
11. Substitution derivatives of carboxylic acids.Halogen and hydroxy acids. Lactones.Amino acids. Lactams. Reactivity, properties, application.
12. Functional derivatives of acids. Acyl halides. Anhydride. Esters. Amides. Nitriles.Reactivity, properties, toxicology, applications. Synthesis and applications.Derivatives of the carbonic acid (phosgene, urea and their sulfur analogues).
2.The system and the nomenclature of organic chemistry. Organic compounds classification. Principles of the IUPAC nomenclature.
3.Intermolecular forces. The relationship between the structure and the properties of substances (boiling and melting points, solubility).
4.Reactions of organic compounds and their mechanism. Classifying Organic Chemical Reactions.
Homolysis and heterolysis of bonds to carbon. Radical, electrophilic and nucleophilic species. Molecularity, order and mechanism of the reaction. Reaction energetics and the theory of transition state (energy of activation, free-energy diagrams, reaction heat).
5.Alifatic and alicyclic saturated hydrocarbons.Radical substitution. Cracking (noncatalysed and catalyzed) and isomerisation. Hydrocarbon resources and their utilization. Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Radical and ion additions to multiplebonds. Elimination reactions. Resources and industrial utilization of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
6.Aromatic hydrocarbons. Theory of the aromaticity. Reactions of aromatic compounds (nitration, sulfonation, alkylation, acylation, oxidation, catalytic hydrogenation). Petrochemical and coal-tar sources of aromatic hydrocarbons. Industrial utilization. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their toxicological risk.
7. Derivatives of hydrocarbons. Halogen and hydroxy derivatives. Ethers. Properties, toxicology, applications. The most important reactions.
8.Nitrogen derivatives (nitro compounds, amines, nitrogen containing heterocycles). Reactivity, properties, toxicology.
9.Carbonyl compounds. Reactivity ( oxidation, reduction and addition to carbonyl group). Preparation and utilization.
10.Carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Acidity versus structure, neutralization. Reactivity of the carboxylic group (esterification, decarboxylation). Industrially the most important acids and their utilization.
11. Substitution derivatives of carboxylic acids.Halogen and hydroxy acids. Lactones.Amino acids. Lactams. Reactivity, properties, application.
12. Functional derivatives of acids. Acyl halides. Anhydride. Esters. Amides. Nitriles.Reactivity, properties, toxicology, applications. Synthesis and applications.Derivatives of the carbonic acid (phosgene, urea and their sulfur analogues).