Introduction. Fundamentals of gas laws.
The chemical thermodynamics – heat capacities, definition, properties and classification. The First law of thermodynamics, definition, signification – heat of reaction. Laws of thermochemistry, theoretical calculation of reaction heat. Kirchhoff’s law - variation of the reaction enthalpy wih temperature, the heating and cooling of substances. The Second law of thermodynamics – definition and signification.
Thermodynamic potentials – Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy. Conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium.
Chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium constants for homogeneous nad heterogeneous chemical reactions, types of equilibrium constants, calculation of equilibrium composition. The Van´t Hoff reaction isotherm, isobare and isochore.
The phase equilibrium. Partial molar quantities, chemical potential and its significance for physical equilibrium. The Gibbs phase rule, phase, state of aggregation, component, degree of freedom, phase equilibrium of pure substances, Clapeyron equation, Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
The chemical kinetics - homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions - basic kinetic terms (rate of chemical reaction, order of reaction, molecularity, rate constant, reaction mechanism). Kinetic equations with different order, the temperature dependence of the rate of reaction. Diffusion and adsorption in heterogeneous kinetics, application in technological processes.
Metal melts, oxide melts, physicochemical properties.
The thermal dissociation of coumpounds, oxide reduction, thermodynamics and kinetics. The metal oxidation kinetics.
Solutions and their classification, description, properties, thermodynamic models of solutions.
Molten slags, molecular and ionic theory, physicochemical properties.
Reactions between slag and metal – distribution of oxygen and sulphur, desulphurisation, dephosphorization, deoxidation.
Inclusions in liquid metals – formation, growth and sepataion of inclusions.
Physical and metallurgical aspects of gases in molten metal, the Sievert's law.
Surface reactions, theory and application.
The chemical thermodynamics – heat capacities, definition, properties and classification. The First law of thermodynamics, definition, signification – heat of reaction. Laws of thermochemistry, theoretical calculation of reaction heat. Kirchhoff’s law - variation of the reaction enthalpy wih temperature, the heating and cooling of substances. The Second law of thermodynamics – definition and signification.
Thermodynamic potentials – Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy. Conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium.
Chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium constants for homogeneous nad heterogeneous chemical reactions, types of equilibrium constants, calculation of equilibrium composition. The Van´t Hoff reaction isotherm, isobare and isochore.
The phase equilibrium. Partial molar quantities, chemical potential and its significance for physical equilibrium. The Gibbs phase rule, phase, state of aggregation, component, degree of freedom, phase equilibrium of pure substances, Clapeyron equation, Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
The chemical kinetics - homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions - basic kinetic terms (rate of chemical reaction, order of reaction, molecularity, rate constant, reaction mechanism). Kinetic equations with different order, the temperature dependence of the rate of reaction. Diffusion and adsorption in heterogeneous kinetics, application in technological processes.
Metal melts, oxide melts, physicochemical properties.
The thermal dissociation of coumpounds, oxide reduction, thermodynamics and kinetics. The metal oxidation kinetics.
Solutions and their classification, description, properties, thermodynamic models of solutions.
Molten slags, molecular and ionic theory, physicochemical properties.
Reactions between slag and metal – distribution of oxygen and sulphur, desulphurisation, dephosphorization, deoxidation.
Inclusions in liquid metals – formation, growth and sepataion of inclusions.
Physical and metallurgical aspects of gases in molten metal, the Sievert's law.
Surface reactions, theory and application.