Physical chemistry, signification.
Ideal and real gases.
Chemical thermodynamics. Heat capacities, heating and cooling of substances, thermodynamic terms.
The first law of thermodynamics, internal energy, enthalpy, variation of the reaction enthalpy with temperature, adiabatic reaction temperature. The work done by ideal gas.
The second law of thermodynamics – Carnot heat engine, entropy and its interpretation (temperature and volume dependence, temperature and pressure dependence).
Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy, combined formulations of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, Maxwell relations, conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. Partial molar quantities, chemical potential, activity.
Chemical equilibriums, equilibrium constant for homogeneous nad heterogeneous chemical reactions, Van´t Hoff reaction isotherm. The Le Chatelier’s principle.
Phase equilibrium - conditions of phase equilibrium. Gibbs phase rule, phase, one-component system, triple point, two-component (binary) system, classification of solutions, ideal and real solutions. Colligative properties of nonelectrolyte solutions – solutions with non-volatile solute. Two-component liquid mixtures (miscible liquids, partially miscible liquids, totally immiscible liquids). Distribution equilibrium, Nernst’s distribution law, extraction.
Chemical kinetics – classification of reactions, basic terms (reaction rate in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, order of reaction, molecularity, rate constant, reaction mechanism). Integrated forms of the kinetic equation. The temperature dependence of the rate of a chemical reaction, Arrhenius equation. Kinetics of heterogeneous chemical reactions, elementary steps in heterogenous reactions.
Electrochemistry – electrolytes and theory of electrolytic dissociation. Strong electrolytes - activity and activitiy coefficient, Debye-Hückel limiting law. Solubility product. Equilibrium and dissociation in solutions of weak electrolytes - dissociation of week monobasic acids and bases, hydrolysis of salt, buffer solutions. Electrolysis, transport number, electric conductivity of electrolytes. Electrochemistry potentials, electrodes, galvanic cells.
Colloid chemistry - classification of dispersion systems, degree of dispersion. Selected kinetic, electrical and optical properties of colloid systems. Heterogeneous dispersion systems (lyophobic sols, emulsion, foam, aerosol).
Ideal and real gases.
Chemical thermodynamics. Heat capacities, heating and cooling of substances, thermodynamic terms.
The first law of thermodynamics, internal energy, enthalpy, variation of the reaction enthalpy with temperature, adiabatic reaction temperature. The work done by ideal gas.
The second law of thermodynamics – Carnot heat engine, entropy and its interpretation (temperature and volume dependence, temperature and pressure dependence).
Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy, combined formulations of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, Maxwell relations, conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. Partial molar quantities, chemical potential, activity.
Chemical equilibriums, equilibrium constant for homogeneous nad heterogeneous chemical reactions, Van´t Hoff reaction isotherm. The Le Chatelier’s principle.
Phase equilibrium - conditions of phase equilibrium. Gibbs phase rule, phase, one-component system, triple point, two-component (binary) system, classification of solutions, ideal and real solutions. Colligative properties of nonelectrolyte solutions – solutions with non-volatile solute. Two-component liquid mixtures (miscible liquids, partially miscible liquids, totally immiscible liquids). Distribution equilibrium, Nernst’s distribution law, extraction.
Chemical kinetics – classification of reactions, basic terms (reaction rate in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, order of reaction, molecularity, rate constant, reaction mechanism). Integrated forms of the kinetic equation. The temperature dependence of the rate of a chemical reaction, Arrhenius equation. Kinetics of heterogeneous chemical reactions, elementary steps in heterogenous reactions.
Electrochemistry – electrolytes and theory of electrolytic dissociation. Strong electrolytes - activity and activitiy coefficient, Debye-Hückel limiting law. Solubility product. Equilibrium and dissociation in solutions of weak electrolytes - dissociation of week monobasic acids and bases, hydrolysis of salt, buffer solutions. Electrolysis, transport number, electric conductivity of electrolytes. Electrochemistry potentials, electrodes, galvanic cells.
Colloid chemistry - classification of dispersion systems, degree of dispersion. Selected kinetic, electrical and optical properties of colloid systems. Heterogeneous dispersion systems (lyophobic sols, emulsion, foam, aerosol).