Physical chemistry, significance.
Heat capacities of substances, variation of heat capacities with temperature, difference in the molar heat capacities between the products and reactants. Heating and cooling. Laws of thermochemistry, standard reaction heat, standard heat of combustion, theoretical calculation of reaction heat. Variation of the reaction heat with temperature. Isobaric and isochoric reaction heat. The adiabatic reaction temperature.
Thermodynamic potentials – Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy. Conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. Chemical potential and its significance.
Chemical equilibrium - homogeneous nad heterogeneous chemical reactions. The equilibrium constant for homogeneous nad heterogeneous chemical reactions, basic types. Dependence of the equilibrium constant on state variables - dependence on temperature, pressure and inert components. Calculation of equilibrium composition.
Phase equilibrium, Gibbs phase rule, system classification. Phase equilibrium of pure substances. Solutions, Raoult’s and Henry’s law. Non-ideal solutions, activity and activity coefficient. Reaction in solution. Thermodynamic functions of solutions. Evaporation and distillation.
Chemical kinetics - basic terms (rate of chemical reaction, order of reaction, molecularity, rate constant, reaction mechanism). First-order reactions, second-order reactions, nth-order reactions. Simultaneous chemical reactions. Temperature and pressure dependence of the reaction rate. The theory of chemical kinetics - collision theory and theory of absolute reaction rates.
Kinetics of heterogeneous chemical reactions, elementary steps in heterogenous reactions. Molecular diffusion, Fick’s laws of diffusion, principles of analysis. Physical adsorption and chemisorption, adsorption isotherms. Topochemical reactions.
Heat capacities of substances, variation of heat capacities with temperature, difference in the molar heat capacities between the products and reactants. Heating and cooling. Laws of thermochemistry, standard reaction heat, standard heat of combustion, theoretical calculation of reaction heat. Variation of the reaction heat with temperature. Isobaric and isochoric reaction heat. The adiabatic reaction temperature.
Thermodynamic potentials – Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy. Conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. Chemical potential and its significance.
Chemical equilibrium - homogeneous nad heterogeneous chemical reactions. The equilibrium constant for homogeneous nad heterogeneous chemical reactions, basic types. Dependence of the equilibrium constant on state variables - dependence on temperature, pressure and inert components. Calculation of equilibrium composition.
Phase equilibrium, Gibbs phase rule, system classification. Phase equilibrium of pure substances. Solutions, Raoult’s and Henry’s law. Non-ideal solutions, activity and activity coefficient. Reaction in solution. Thermodynamic functions of solutions. Evaporation and distillation.
Chemical kinetics - basic terms (rate of chemical reaction, order of reaction, molecularity, rate constant, reaction mechanism). First-order reactions, second-order reactions, nth-order reactions. Simultaneous chemical reactions. Temperature and pressure dependence of the reaction rate. The theory of chemical kinetics - collision theory and theory of absolute reaction rates.
Kinetics of heterogeneous chemical reactions, elementary steps in heterogenous reactions. Molecular diffusion, Fick’s laws of diffusion, principles of analysis. Physical adsorption and chemisorption, adsorption isotherms. Topochemical reactions.