1. Colloidal systems. Preparation, condensation and dispersion methods, significance in industry and
environment, degree of dispersion, particle size distribution functions, experimental determination of
particle size distributions.
2. Properties of colloidal systems – optical (Tyndall effect, nefelometry), kinetic (Brownian motion,
diffusion of colloidal particles) and electrical (electrophoresis, sedimentation potential, streaming
potential, electro-osmosis).
3. Structure of colloidal particles. Electrical charge of colloidal particles, micelle, theory and models of
electrical double layer - Helmholtz double layer , Gouy-Chapman double layer, Stern modification of
diffuse double layer. Lyophilic and lyophobic colloids, preparation and stability.
4. State changes of colloidal systems. Coagulation, coalescence, sols and gels, xerogels, swelling,
thixotropy. Methods for separations colloidal systems. Dialysis, electrodialysis, filtration, electro-
ultrafiltration, ultrafiltration, electro-decantation.
5. Coagulation. Coagulation threshold. Coagulation and adsorption. Hardy-Schultz rule, lyotropic
(Hofmeister) series. Coagulation kinetics of monodispersed systems. Basic conceptions of coagulation
kinetics of polydispersed systems. Swelling kinetics.
6. Sedimentation of colloid particles. Sedimentation in the gravitational field and sedimentation in the
centrifugal field. Sedimentation equilibrium and rate. Determination of molar masss weight by
sedimentation.
7. Motion of colloidal particles. Stokes' law. Diffusivity and mobility of colloidal particles. Movement of
colloidal particles in electric field.
8. Passage of dispersion systems through membranes. Theory of the Donnan membrane equilibrium.
Osmotic pressure and viscosity of colloidal systems. Einstein relation.
9. Emulsions - preparation and stability. Emulsifiers, stabilisers of emulsions, their physicochemical
action. Foams, preparation, stability and utilization.
10. Surface phenomena. Free surface energy, surface and interfacial tension. Wetting of solid surface by
liquid, Laplace equation, contact angle, measurement methods. Interfacial phenomena on interface
between two immiscible liquids. Surface films.
11. Adsorption on liquid-liquid and gas-liquid phase interface. Gibbs adsorption isotherm, surface-active
and surface-nonactive agents. Flotation principles.
12. Adsorption on liquid-solid and gas-solid phase interface. Adsorption of gases on solid surfaces.
Adsorption from solutions on solids. Adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, BET
model of adsorption). Factors affecting adsorption. Adsorption hysteresis. Adsorption kinetics.
13. Angular phase interface. Kelvin’s equation. Dissolution of solid substances. Thermodynamics and
kinetics of crystallization from solutions. Distribution coefficient, principles of extraction.
14. Polymer systems. Theory and thermodynamics of macromolecules. Flory-Huggins theory.
environment, degree of dispersion, particle size distribution functions, experimental determination of
particle size distributions.
2. Properties of colloidal systems – optical (Tyndall effect, nefelometry), kinetic (Brownian motion,
diffusion of colloidal particles) and electrical (electrophoresis, sedimentation potential, streaming
potential, electro-osmosis).
3. Structure of colloidal particles. Electrical charge of colloidal particles, micelle, theory and models of
electrical double layer - Helmholtz double layer , Gouy-Chapman double layer, Stern modification of
diffuse double layer. Lyophilic and lyophobic colloids, preparation and stability.
4. State changes of colloidal systems. Coagulation, coalescence, sols and gels, xerogels, swelling,
thixotropy. Methods for separations colloidal systems. Dialysis, electrodialysis, filtration, electro-
ultrafiltration, ultrafiltration, electro-decantation.
5. Coagulation. Coagulation threshold. Coagulation and adsorption. Hardy-Schultz rule, lyotropic
(Hofmeister) series. Coagulation kinetics of monodispersed systems. Basic conceptions of coagulation
kinetics of polydispersed systems. Swelling kinetics.
6. Sedimentation of colloid particles. Sedimentation in the gravitational field and sedimentation in the
centrifugal field. Sedimentation equilibrium and rate. Determination of molar masss weight by
sedimentation.
7. Motion of colloidal particles. Stokes' law. Diffusivity and mobility of colloidal particles. Movement of
colloidal particles in electric field.
8. Passage of dispersion systems through membranes. Theory of the Donnan membrane equilibrium.
Osmotic pressure and viscosity of colloidal systems. Einstein relation.
9. Emulsions - preparation and stability. Emulsifiers, stabilisers of emulsions, their physicochemical
action. Foams, preparation, stability and utilization.
10. Surface phenomena. Free surface energy, surface and interfacial tension. Wetting of solid surface by
liquid, Laplace equation, contact angle, measurement methods. Interfacial phenomena on interface
between two immiscible liquids. Surface films.
11. Adsorption on liquid-liquid and gas-liquid phase interface. Gibbs adsorption isotherm, surface-active
and surface-nonactive agents. Flotation principles.
12. Adsorption on liquid-solid and gas-solid phase interface. Adsorption of gases on solid surfaces.
Adsorption from solutions on solids. Adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, BET
model of adsorption). Factors affecting adsorption. Adsorption hysteresis. Adsorption kinetics.
13. Angular phase interface. Kelvin’s equation. Dissolution of solid substances. Thermodynamics and
kinetics of crystallization from solutions. Distribution coefficient, principles of extraction.
14. Polymer systems. Theory and thermodynamics of macromolecules. Flory-Huggins theory.