Technology of Thermal Processes

Thermophysical and mechanical properties of metals and alloys.
Heat transfer in the furnaces working enclosure.
External and internal heat transfer.
External heat transfer equations. Development of thermal balance. Determination of the convection component. Determination of radiation component. External heat transfer coefficient. Formulas for the external heat transfer coefficient calculation.
Internal heat transfer. Heating of thin and thick bodies .
External and internal thermal resistance. Determination of Bi criterion. Thin and thick bodies.
Thin bodies heating-up regimes..Determination of temperature and heating-up time period.
Constant furnace temperature.Furnace is a linear function of time, heat flux incident on the charge is constant. Expression by means of criteria.
Fourier differential equation of heat conduction and uniqueness conditions. Heating regimes of thick bodies at given boundary conditions. The surface temperature is a constant, furnace temperature is constant, the velocity of temperature rise is constant, the heat flux incident on the charge is constant. Comparison of different types of heating.
Heat stresses. Permissible heating-up rate.
Subdivision of industrial furnaces and characteristics of individua types. Division factors . Thermal characteristics.
Heat exchangers, thermal and hydraulic calculation. Recuperator, regenerator. Types of flow in the exchanger. Determination of heat transfer surface. Average logarithmic temperature gradient. The heat passage coefficient. Thermal efficiency, temperature of the wall.
Power and heat balance. Individual items and their determination.
Practice
Determination of thermophysical parameters of solids depending on the temperature. External heat transfer, convection and radiation components determination. The resulting heat flux to the charge. Approximate formulas for determining the total heat transfer coefficient on the charge. Determination of heating time, determining the temperature at the end of heating-up for thin bodies. Convection and radiation formula. Using Fourier differential equation for heating-up of thick bodies. Calculations for the specific conditions of solution uniqueness. Determination of the allowable temperature gradient at the end of heating-up period.
Design of heat exchanger, calculation of exchanger heat transfer surface.