1. Properties of metals, alloys, and refractory materials depending on temperature. Technological principles of heating – final heating temperature, thermal stresses, placement of material in the furnace space, permissible heating unevenness and degree of heat penetration, heating regimes and their selection.
2. External heat transfer – influence of the relative position of grey bodies, balance of heat flows in the working space of the furnace, resulting equation of external heat transfer. Calculation of external heat transfer, heating or cooling in a liquid environment, cooling of material in air.
3. Theoretical calculation of heating of thin and thick bodies – Fourier's differential equation of heat conduction, boundary conditions for solving the heat conduction equation.
4. Oxidation and decarburization of steel during heating – theoretical foundations of steel oxidation, influence of technological factors and environment on metal oxidation.
5. Calculation of heating in basic types of reheating furnaces. Pusher type, walking beam, rotary hearth, pit, car bottom furnace.
6. Categorization of heat sources, comparison of central and decentralized heat supply systems. Types of heating plants – steam heating plants, heating plants with gas turbines, heating plants with gas combustion engines, etc.
7. Steam and hot water boilers – grate-fired, pulverized combustion, granulation, fluidized bed boilers as sources of thermal energy. Boiler construction for gaseous and solid fuels – evaporator, superheaters, water and air preheaters, burners, fuel and air supply.
8. Boiler operation. Ecologization of boiler operation – design modifications for denitrification, criteria for selecting optimal operation methods, impact of ecological measures on boiler operating parameters, waste products, fuel preparation.
9. Evaluation based on thermal efficiency – methods for determining efficiency (direct, indirect), operational and ecological influences on boiler efficiency, methods for increasing efficiency. Water treatment for steam production, water quality control, water distribution systems, feed pumps, cooling towers.
10. Cogeneration – combined production of heat and electrical energy. Regulation of energy sources and heating systems, heat consumption measuring devices.
11. Thermal networks – heat distribution, types and design, transfer stations, hydraulic calculation, pipe diameter sizing, thermal expansion of pipes, expansion joints.
12. Thermal insulation, types, design of optimal insulation thickness from a thermal-energy and economic perspective, calculation of heat losses in primary heat distribution networks.
2. External heat transfer – influence of the relative position of grey bodies, balance of heat flows in the working space of the furnace, resulting equation of external heat transfer. Calculation of external heat transfer, heating or cooling in a liquid environment, cooling of material in air.
3. Theoretical calculation of heating of thin and thick bodies – Fourier's differential equation of heat conduction, boundary conditions for solving the heat conduction equation.
4. Oxidation and decarburization of steel during heating – theoretical foundations of steel oxidation, influence of technological factors and environment on metal oxidation.
5. Calculation of heating in basic types of reheating furnaces. Pusher type, walking beam, rotary hearth, pit, car bottom furnace.
6. Categorization of heat sources, comparison of central and decentralized heat supply systems. Types of heating plants – steam heating plants, heating plants with gas turbines, heating plants with gas combustion engines, etc.
7. Steam and hot water boilers – grate-fired, pulverized combustion, granulation, fluidized bed boilers as sources of thermal energy. Boiler construction for gaseous and solid fuels – evaporator, superheaters, water and air preheaters, burners, fuel and air supply.
8. Boiler operation. Ecologization of boiler operation – design modifications for denitrification, criteria for selecting optimal operation methods, impact of ecological measures on boiler operating parameters, waste products, fuel preparation.
9. Evaluation based on thermal efficiency – methods for determining efficiency (direct, indirect), operational and ecological influences on boiler efficiency, methods for increasing efficiency. Water treatment for steam production, water quality control, water distribution systems, feed pumps, cooling towers.
10. Cogeneration – combined production of heat and electrical energy. Regulation of energy sources and heating systems, heat consumption measuring devices.
11. Thermal networks – heat distribution, types and design, transfer stations, hydraulic calculation, pipe diameter sizing, thermal expansion of pipes, expansion joints.
12. Thermal insulation, types, design of optimal insulation thickness from a thermal-energy and economic perspective, calculation of heat losses in primary heat distribution networks.