1. Heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Kinetics and mechanisms of catalytic reactions, procedures for deriving model mechanisms, factors affecting catalytic reactions. Transport phenomena in heterogeneous catalysis, influence of internal and external diffusion.
2. Solid catalysts. Principle of action, types, catalytic poisons, deactivation, promoters, activity, selectivity, structure of catalytically active sites, catalysis on metals and non-metals.
3. Laboratory research of kinetics. Experimental laboratory reactors and their mathematical models, procedure for finding a new catalyst, indication of the influence of macrokinetic properties, design of kinetic experiments, processing of experimental kinetic data.
4. Catalyst design strategy for a specific process. Possibilities of targeted influence on catalyst efficiency by choice of size, geometry, porous structure and distribution of active sites.
5. Photocatalytic processes. Absorption of radiation by matter and its subsequent physical and chemical changes. The course of photochemical reactions. Radiation sources. Mechanism of photocatalytic reactions. Photocatalytic reactions on semiconductor photocatalysts. Homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis. Semiconductor photocatalysts. Molecular structure.
6. Laboratory photochemical reactors. Kinetics of photocatalytic reactions. Elimination of macrokinetic elements of experimental equipment. Effect of used wavelength, temperature, pressure and reductant on photocatalytic reactions.
7. Modified photocatalysts. The effect of surface treatment and doping of the surface of photocatalysts. Heterojunction photocatalysts. Z-chart. Immobilized photocatalysts. Methods of applying thin layers and their characterization
8. Instrumental methods for monitoring kinetics. Gas and liquid chromatography, instrumentation, stationary phases, detectors, separation optimization, sample derivatization, GCxGC analyses, applications. Mass spectrometry. Development and optimization of the separation method, method validation, estimation of measurement uncertainties, evaluation of chromatographic records. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical and other methods.
9. Methods of characterizing catalysts and photocatalysts. Principle of selected spectroscopic techniques: XRD, XRF, XPS, FTIR, UV-vis, Raman, EXAFS, NMR, EPR. Principle of temperature-programmed techniques (TPD, TPR), test molecules. Principle of adsorption-desorption techniques: calorimetry, chemisorption. Strategy for analyzing the chemical composition, textural properties and structural properties of the catalyst. Examples of analysis of acid-base properties of catalysts. Oxidation-reduction catalysis, examples of analysis of active centers of catalysts. In-situ spectroscopy.
10. Basic textural parameters of solid substances and experimental procedures for their determination. Outer, inner surface, apparent (mercury) and real (helium) density of solids, total pore volume, pore distribution, characterization and size distribution of pores, theory of adsorption on solids, adsorption in micropores and mesopores, Brunnauer's classification of adsorption isotherms, types adsorption isotherms (theory of monomolecular and multilayer adsorption). Adsorption from a liquid medium. Evaluation of experimental data.
2. Solid catalysts. Principle of action, types, catalytic poisons, deactivation, promoters, activity, selectivity, structure of catalytically active sites, catalysis on metals and non-metals.
3. Laboratory research of kinetics. Experimental laboratory reactors and their mathematical models, procedure for finding a new catalyst, indication of the influence of macrokinetic properties, design of kinetic experiments, processing of experimental kinetic data.
4. Catalyst design strategy for a specific process. Possibilities of targeted influence on catalyst efficiency by choice of size, geometry, porous structure and distribution of active sites.
5. Photocatalytic processes. Absorption of radiation by matter and its subsequent physical and chemical changes. The course of photochemical reactions. Radiation sources. Mechanism of photocatalytic reactions. Photocatalytic reactions on semiconductor photocatalysts. Homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis. Semiconductor photocatalysts. Molecular structure.
6. Laboratory photochemical reactors. Kinetics of photocatalytic reactions. Elimination of macrokinetic elements of experimental equipment. Effect of used wavelength, temperature, pressure and reductant on photocatalytic reactions.
7. Modified photocatalysts. The effect of surface treatment and doping of the surface of photocatalysts. Heterojunction photocatalysts. Z-chart. Immobilized photocatalysts. Methods of applying thin layers and their characterization
8. Instrumental methods for monitoring kinetics. Gas and liquid chromatography, instrumentation, stationary phases, detectors, separation optimization, sample derivatization, GCxGC analyses, applications. Mass spectrometry. Development and optimization of the separation method, method validation, estimation of measurement uncertainties, evaluation of chromatographic records. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical and other methods.
9. Methods of characterizing catalysts and photocatalysts. Principle of selected spectroscopic techniques: XRD, XRF, XPS, FTIR, UV-vis, Raman, EXAFS, NMR, EPR. Principle of temperature-programmed techniques (TPD, TPR), test molecules. Principle of adsorption-desorption techniques: calorimetry, chemisorption. Strategy for analyzing the chemical composition, textural properties and structural properties of the catalyst. Examples of analysis of acid-base properties of catalysts. Oxidation-reduction catalysis, examples of analysis of active centers of catalysts. In-situ spectroscopy.
10. Basic textural parameters of solid substances and experimental procedures for their determination. Outer, inner surface, apparent (mercury) and real (helium) density of solids, total pore volume, pore distribution, characterization and size distribution of pores, theory of adsorption on solids, adsorption in micropores and mesopores, Brunnauer's classification of adsorption isotherms, types adsorption isotherms (theory of monomolecular and multilayer adsorption). Adsorption from a liquid medium. Evaluation of experimental data.