The subject of demography is intended for all those interested in a more professional understanding of demographic processes. It provides knowledge about population reproduction to students studying at universities, not only in the university field, but also to organizations with a diverse application focus (e.g. branches of the Czech Statistical Office, workers at the level of municipal, city or district councils, etc.). Students will become familiar with demography as a scientific field, verify the possibilities of analytical procedures when working with various demo-social indicators, critically assess the role of external influences on population processes, and become familiar with the possibilities of population theory and politics in the whole social system. The specific results of analyzes of selected phenomena will serve to obtain a realistic idea of the degree of demographic development of the Czech Republic. Key chapters 3, 4 and 5 offer essential insights into basic demographic structures and processes, explain the state and development of the reproductive behavior of our population. Analyzes at the national level are supplemented to a lesser extent with international comparisons so that basic demographic knowledge about trends in our society finds an adequate response in comparative approaches to the surrounding world demographic environment.