Subject deals with the mathematical methods for processing, modelling and information extraction from the medical image data. Individual methods will always be put to a context of the medical image data processing, and applications which are recent for the clinical practice needs. Subject is systematically divided into three essential parts. The first part of the subject deals with the basic techniques serving for the medical image data preprocessing. In this part, the geometrical and brightness transformations will be discussed. Consequently, the image filtration on the base of the image convolution in the spatial domain, and the frequency image filtration will be discussed. Lastly, the image binarization analysis, morphological operations, and applications of those methods for modeling of the medical image objects will be discussed. The second part of the subject deals with the image segmentation and classification constituting basic elements for modeling and information extraction from the medical image data. In the last part, the MR and CT reconstruction techniques will be discussed preciselly.