Mineralogy and Petrography

Morphology of crystalline substances, crystal symmetry, internal structures of
crystalline substances and interrelations. Chemical crystallography,
geometrical and chemical factors of the origin of structures, isomorphism and
polymorphism. Basic macrodiagnostic physical properties of minerals, optical
properties and their identification by using microscopy. Systematic mineralogy,
classification principles, systematic overview of basic representatives of
elements, sulphides, halides, oxides and hydroxides, nitrates, carbonates,
sulphates, phosphates and silicates. Main processes leading to the origin of
minerals and rocks under various genetic conditions, genetic classification of
rocks (magmatic, sedimentary, metamorphic). Magmatic rocks, principles of
classification based on mineralogical and chemical composition. Sedimentary
rocks, their origin (weathering, transport, sedimentation, diagenesis),
classification of clastic and cementing sediments. Genesis of metamorphic
rocks, physical and chemical factors of metamorphosis, overview of the main
types of metamorphic rocks.