1. Introduction to organic chemistry. Binding properties of carbon. Fundamentals of 1. Introduction. Basic concepts and definitions: Organic pollutants: distribution, classification, sources, input, transport, transformation reactions (chemical and photochemical), biotic reactions, biologically mediated reactions (microbial degradation). Effects on living organisms, bioavailability, bioaccumulation; bioconcentration, bioaccumulation; bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factor (BKF, BAF), Trophic Transfer Coefficient (TTC).
2. Fate of organic pollutants in the environment. Reaction kinetics: excretion, BCF, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, biodegradation. Balance in environmental systems: meaning of KOW constant; air / water balance; volatilization from water into the atmosphere; distribution in the water-air system, Henry\'s law; the relation of the movement and absorption. Air-aerosol balances; air-soil, air-biota; octanol / air partition coefficient KOA; equilibrium water - solid phase.
3. Organic Chemistry System and Nomenclature (IUPAC). Classification of organic compounds. Characteristic groups. Relationship between structure and properties of substances. Mezimolecular interactions. Reaction of organic compounds. Types of biodegradation reactions: dealkylation, dealkoxylation, decarboxylation, dehalogenation, ether cleavage, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation, ring cleavage, oxidation and reduction.
4. Aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport options to environmental compartments; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment. Unsaturated hydrocarbons: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport options; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
5. Arenes (aromatic hydrocarbons): nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): their toxicological hazards, reactivity, sources, transport possibilities; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment. Nitric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitroPAHs): their toxicological hazards, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
6. Hydrocarbon derivatives: Halogen derivatives. Hydroxy derivatives. Ethers. Sulfur compounds: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport options to environmental compartments; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
7. Nitrogen derivatives: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment. Heterocyclic compounds. Five- and six-membered heterocycles: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport options to environmental compartments; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
8. Carbonyl compounds: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, sources, transport options to environmental compartments; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
9. Organometallic compounds: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
10. Carboxylic acids: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport options to environmental compartments; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
11. Substituted acid derivatives: Halogenated acids. Hydroxyacids. nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment. Functional acid derivatives: Acyl halides. Anhydrides. Esters. Amides. Nitriles. nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
12. Technically important organic substances I: Polymers: nomenclature, properties and structure of macromolecular substances. The most important groups of technical polymers, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, environmental aspects of polymers in the environment, the main ways of reducing their quantity in the environment.
13. Technically important organic substances II: Pesticides, surfactants, organic dyes, pharmaceuticals. Characteristics, sources, occurrence, reaction, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the effects on the environment.
14. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): classification and classification, general properties of group representatives (PCBs, OCPs, PAHs, PCDDs / Fs, PCNs, PBDEs, PFCs, SCCPs), toxic effects, global importance of POPs in the environment, in the environment. International Conventions. POPs Inventory.
2. Fate of organic pollutants in the environment. Reaction kinetics: excretion, BCF, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, biodegradation. Balance in environmental systems: meaning of KOW constant; air / water balance; volatilization from water into the atmosphere; distribution in the water-air system, Henry\'s law; the relation of the movement and absorption. Air-aerosol balances; air-soil, air-biota; octanol / air partition coefficient KOA; equilibrium water - solid phase.
3. Organic Chemistry System and Nomenclature (IUPAC). Classification of organic compounds. Characteristic groups. Relationship between structure and properties of substances. Mezimolecular interactions. Reaction of organic compounds. Types of biodegradation reactions: dealkylation, dealkoxylation, decarboxylation, dehalogenation, ether cleavage, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation, ring cleavage, oxidation and reduction.
4. Aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport options to environmental compartments; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment. Unsaturated hydrocarbons: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport options; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
5. Arenes (aromatic hydrocarbons): nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): their toxicological hazards, reactivity, sources, transport possibilities; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment. Nitric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitroPAHs): their toxicological hazards, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
6. Hydrocarbon derivatives: Halogen derivatives. Hydroxy derivatives. Ethers. Sulfur compounds: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport options to environmental compartments; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
7. Nitrogen derivatives: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment. Heterocyclic compounds. Five- and six-membered heterocycles: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport options to environmental compartments; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
8. Carbonyl compounds: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, sources, transport options to environmental compartments; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
9. Organometallic compounds: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
10. Carboxylic acids: nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport options to environmental compartments; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
11. Substituted acid derivatives: Halogenated acids. Hydroxyacids. nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment. Functional acid derivatives: Acyl halides. Anhydrides. Esters. Amides. Nitriles. nomenclature, properties, reactivity, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the main ways of reducing their emissions in the environment.
12. Technically important organic substances I: Polymers: nomenclature, properties and structure of macromolecular substances. The most important groups of technical polymers, resources, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, environmental aspects of polymers in the environment, the main ways of reducing their quantity in the environment.
13. Technically important organic substances II: Pesticides, surfactants, organic dyes, pharmaceuticals. Characteristics, sources, occurrence, reaction, transport possibilities to the components of the environment; their fate in the environment, the effects on the environment.
14. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): classification and classification, general properties of group representatives (PCBs, OCPs, PAHs, PCDDs / Fs, PCNs, PBDEs, PFCs, SCCPs), toxic effects, global importance of POPs in the environment, in the environment. International Conventions. POPs Inventory.