The subject deals with the use of biochemical methods in the processing of minerals and wastes in order to increase the quality of the raw material or to separate the utility components, especially metals. Attention is paid mainly to the methods and applications of biochemical processes in the treatment of primary raw materials such as coal, ore, as well as other raw materials and metalliferous wastes, including electrical waste including used batteries, waste from the mining and treatment of raw materials, mine waters and mine water sediments, metallurgical wastes, contaminated soils, fly ash and many others. With ever-new and evolving industry technologies, the field of industrial use of microorganisms is constantly changing and expanding. Last but not least, biochemical procedures are also used to repair old burdens. Students can then use the knowledge gained in industrial areas dealing with raw material processing and separation of utility components using biochemical techniques that work and are constantly developing dynamically around the world.