Chemistry and Technology of Fuels

Renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Economic aspects of fuel use. Fuel industry development and prospects. Genesis of caustobiolites and their world sources. Theory of thermal processes (pyrolysis, combustion, gasification). Mass and energy balances. Solid fuels. Chemistry of coal carbonization. Self-ignition process. Production of liquid fuels from coal. Clean Coal Technology. Non-energy utilization of coal and its products. Liquid fuels. Crude oil composition and oil classification. Mining, basic processing, transport and storage technologies. Alternative fuels (bitumen sands, extra heavy oil, kerogenous rocks, shale gas). Gaseous fuels (natural gas, CBM, hydrogen). Gasification of coal. Reactors for gasification. Underground gasification process. Cleaning and storage of gas fuels. Biofuels (alcohols, biodiesel, biogas). Combustion, gasification and pyrolysis of biomass. Direct conversion of chemical to electrical energy. Principle, design and types of fuel cells. Applications and perspectives. Fuel for mobile devices. Combustion of fuels in diesel, spark and reactive engines. Manufacture of fuels and lubricants. Co-processing. Processes of gasification, pyrolysis and liquefaction of coal with organic wastes. Fuels in metallurgy. Classic and alternative carbonaceous fuels in the production of agglomerates, pig iron, steel and ferro-alloys. Quality requirements. Environmental aspects of fuel utilization. Carbonaceous fuels and the environment. (emissions, smog, greenhouse effect, oil pollutions). Chemistry of CO2-sequestration. Degradation of petroleum and its derivatives.