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Terminated in academic year 2021/2022

Electrometallurgy and Ferroalloys Production

Type of study Follow-up Master
Language of instruction Czech
Code 618-3004/03
Abbreviation EaVF
Course title Electrometallurgy and Ferroalloys Production
Credits 6
Coordinating department Department of Metallurgy and Foundry
Course coordinator prof. Ing. Karel Michalek, CSc.

Subject syllabus

1. Present state and perspectives of production of steel in electric furnaces. Classification of electric furnaces. Fundamentals of heavy electrical alternating current.
2. Theory of arc. DC electric arc. AC electric arc.
Stabilization of arc burning.
3. Electrical and heat work regime of elektric arc furnaces (EAF). Working electrical characteristics.
EAF. Dynamical, physical and chemical effects of the arches. UHP and SUHP furnaces.
4. Other heat sources in the EAF. Intensification of production in EAF. The use of gaseous oxygen. Oxyfuel burners. Foaming nozzle. Bottom blowing of inert gas into bath. EAF productvity.
5. Basic construction of EAF. EAF transformers, reactors, compensation power factor. EAF secondary electrical circuit. Graphite electrodes. Production of electrodes.
6. Regulation of the electrodes. Static and dynamic characteristics of the electrodes controller. Block diagram of the controller. Induction stirring in the bath EAF. Lining of EAF. Water EAF cooling. Suction gas furnace, gas cleaning.
7. Technologies EAF steel production. Two-slags technology. One-slags technology. The importance of oxidation and reduction period. Technology of overmelting.
8. Production of alloy and high alloy steel. Thermodynamics of metallurgical processes at oxygen rafination of melt. Dephosphorization of high alloy melt. Oxide alloy reduction from slags into melt. Alloying by titanium. Production of steel in acid EAF.
9. Combined steelmaking processes. EAF – DH, EAF-VOD. EAF - AOD. Hydrogen and nitrogen behaviour during the melting in the EAF. Molten steel temperature measuring. Determination of oxygen activity, hydrogen and nitrogen content in the bath. Automatization of production control in EAF.
10. Direct current (DC) EAF. Particularities and differences of the furnace design. Bottom anode. Heat procedure in DC EAF. Advantages of DC EAF furnaces and
comparison with AC EAF.
11. New processes in the production of steel in EAF - Fuchs Shaft Furnace, Verticon, ConSteel, Comelt-VAI ContiArc.
12. New processes in the production of steel in EAF - CONARC, Arcon, Contimet, KES, Danarc.
13. Production of steel in induction furnaces. The principle of heating and melting. Construction of induction furnaces. Basic characteristics of electric induction furnaces. Steel production technology in induction furnaces. Vacuum induction furnace.Metallurgical processes taking place in a vacuum. Electroslag remelting.
14. Fundamentals of thermodynamics of ferro-alloys production. Carbothermic,silicothermic and aluminothermic methods of ferro-alloys production. Production of main types of ferroalloys: FeMn, FeCr, FeSi, FETI, FeW.

Literature

[1]PLOCKINGER, E. ad.: Electric Furnace Steel Production, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,1985, 650s.
[2]TOULOUEVSKI, Y.N., ZINUROV, I,Y. : Innovation in Electric Arc Furnaces. Springer, New York, 2010, 258 s.
[3]FRUEHAN, R. J.: The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel. Steelmaking and refining Volume. Chapter 10: EAF. Chapter 12: Refining of Stainless Steel. AISE Steel Foundation, 1998, 767 p. ISBN 0-930767-02-0.
[4] MICHALEK, K.: Electrometallurgy and Ferroalloys Production. Didactic Text. VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 2014, 178p.

Advised literature

[1]Proceedings of "European Electric Steelmaking Conference".