1. Introduction. Fundamentals of the laws of gases. The chemical
thermodynamics – heat capacities, definition, properties and
classification.
2. The First law of thermodynamics, definition, signification – the heating
and cooling of substances, heat of reaction, laws of thermochemistry,
standard enthalpy of formation, standard enthalpy of combustion,
theoretical calculation of reaction heat. Kirchhoff’s law - variation of
the reaction enthalpy with temperature.
3. The Second law of thermodynamics – definition and signification.
Thermodynamic potentials – Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy.
4. Chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium constants for homogeneous and
heterogeneous chemical reactions, types of equilibrium constants,
calculation of equilibrium composition. The van´t Hoff reaction isotherm,
isobar and isochore.
5. The phase equilibrium. Partial molar quantities, chemical potential and its
significance for physical equilibrium. The Gibbs phase rule, phase,
component, degree of freedom, phase equilibrium of pure substances,
Clapeyron equation, Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
6. The chemical kinetics - homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions - basic
kinetic terms (rate of chemical reaction, order of reaction, molecularity,
rate constant, and reaction mechanism). Kinetic equations with different
order, the temperature dependence of the rate of reaction.
7. Diffusion and adsorption in heterogeneous kinetics, application in
technological processes.
8. The thermal dissociation of compounds, oxide reduction, thermodynamics and
kinetics. The metal oxidation kinetics.
9. Solutions and their classification, description, properties, thermodynamic
models of solutions.
10. Molten slags, molecular and ionic theory, physicochemical properties.
11. Models of ionic melts, metal melts, oxide melts, physicochemical
properties.
12. Reactions between slag and metal – distribution of oxygen and sulphur,
desulphurisation, dephosphorization, deoxidation.
13. Inclusions in liquid metals – formation, growth and separation of
inclusions. Physical and metallurgical aspects of gases in molten metal,
the Sievert's law.
14. Surface reactions, theory and application.
thermodynamics – heat capacities, definition, properties and
classification.
2. The First law of thermodynamics, definition, signification – the heating
and cooling of substances, heat of reaction, laws of thermochemistry,
standard enthalpy of formation, standard enthalpy of combustion,
theoretical calculation of reaction heat. Kirchhoff’s law - variation of
the reaction enthalpy with temperature.
3. The Second law of thermodynamics – definition and signification.
Thermodynamic potentials – Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy.
4. Chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium constants for homogeneous and
heterogeneous chemical reactions, types of equilibrium constants,
calculation of equilibrium composition. The van´t Hoff reaction isotherm,
isobar and isochore.
5. The phase equilibrium. Partial molar quantities, chemical potential and its
significance for physical equilibrium. The Gibbs phase rule, phase,
component, degree of freedom, phase equilibrium of pure substances,
Clapeyron equation, Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
6. The chemical kinetics - homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions - basic
kinetic terms (rate of chemical reaction, order of reaction, molecularity,
rate constant, and reaction mechanism). Kinetic equations with different
order, the temperature dependence of the rate of reaction.
7. Diffusion and adsorption in heterogeneous kinetics, application in
technological processes.
8. The thermal dissociation of compounds, oxide reduction, thermodynamics and
kinetics. The metal oxidation kinetics.
9. Solutions and their classification, description, properties, thermodynamic
models of solutions.
10. Molten slags, molecular and ionic theory, physicochemical properties.
11. Models of ionic melts, metal melts, oxide melts, physicochemical
properties.
12. Reactions between slag and metal – distribution of oxygen and sulphur,
desulphurisation, dephosphorization, deoxidation.
13. Inclusions in liquid metals – formation, growth and separation of
inclusions. Physical and metallurgical aspects of gases in molten metal,
the Sievert's law.
14. Surface reactions, theory and application.