1. Solutions and their classification. Nonelectrolyte solutions, ideal and
real solutions. The Raoult’s law and Henry’s law. Real solutions,
definition of the standard states for component in binary solutions,
deviation from Raoult´s and Henry´s law, activity and activity
coefficient.
2. Thermodynamic properties of multicomponent solutions, activities and
interaction coefficients.
3. Thermodynamic functions of solutions. Partial molar quantities.
Differential and integral quantities. Mixing and excess quantities.
Thermodynamic models of solutions – ideal, real, regular and athermal
solution. The Gibbs-Duhem equation, applications.
4. The thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of fundamental technological
reactions. Equilibrium in a system containing condensed phases and gaseous
phases. The thermal dissociation of compounds. The thermal dissociation
temperature and pressure.
5. The indirect chemical reduction of metal oxide. The Boudouard reaction,
thermodynamic and kinetic analysis, significance, technological use of
Boudouard reaction. The direct reduction of metal oxide. Graphical
representation of equilibria in the system metal – oxygen – carbon.
6. The mechanism and kinetics of thermal decomposition and reduction.
Topochemical reaction, characteristics, models. The Jander´s equation. The
metal oxidation kinetics.
7. Molten metal theories. The structure and physical properties of liquid
metals – viscosity, surface tension, vaporization, sublimation, melting,
transformation of the crystalline form.
8. The crystallisation. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation,
physicochemical analysis of process, critical radius of embryo and its
dependence on selected factors.
9. Physical and metallurgical aspects of gases in molten metal. The Sievert's
law – solubility dependence on selected factors. The influence of gas
pressure on the solubility of gas in liquid metals.
10. Molten slags, theory of slags. The molecular and ionic theory of slags.
The classification of ions in slags, basicity of slags. Physicochemical
properties of slags - structure, viscosity, surface tension,
electrochemical properties.
11. The Temkin´s model of ideal ionic melts, thermodynamic quantities of ideal
ionic solution. Non-ideal ionic solution, characteristics of selected
theories.
12. The thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of raffination processes. The
distribution of components between two immiscible liquids, Nernst’s
distribution law, distribution coefficient, distribution reactions between
slag and metal.
13. Rafination reactions – desulphurisation, dephosphorization, deoxidation of
slags, thermodynamic and kinetic description of rafination processes.
14. Nonmetallic phases in metal. The formation and growth of inclusions,
thermodynamic and kinetic factors.
real solutions. The Raoult’s law and Henry’s law. Real solutions,
definition of the standard states for component in binary solutions,
deviation from Raoult´s and Henry´s law, activity and activity
coefficient.
2. Thermodynamic properties of multicomponent solutions, activities and
interaction coefficients.
3. Thermodynamic functions of solutions. Partial molar quantities.
Differential and integral quantities. Mixing and excess quantities.
Thermodynamic models of solutions – ideal, real, regular and athermal
solution. The Gibbs-Duhem equation, applications.
4. The thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of fundamental technological
reactions. Equilibrium in a system containing condensed phases and gaseous
phases. The thermal dissociation of compounds. The thermal dissociation
temperature and pressure.
5. The indirect chemical reduction of metal oxide. The Boudouard reaction,
thermodynamic and kinetic analysis, significance, technological use of
Boudouard reaction. The direct reduction of metal oxide. Graphical
representation of equilibria in the system metal – oxygen – carbon.
6. The mechanism and kinetics of thermal decomposition and reduction.
Topochemical reaction, characteristics, models. The Jander´s equation. The
metal oxidation kinetics.
7. Molten metal theories. The structure and physical properties of liquid
metals – viscosity, surface tension, vaporization, sublimation, melting,
transformation of the crystalline form.
8. The crystallisation. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation,
physicochemical analysis of process, critical radius of embryo and its
dependence on selected factors.
9. Physical and metallurgical aspects of gases in molten metal. The Sievert's
law – solubility dependence on selected factors. The influence of gas
pressure on the solubility of gas in liquid metals.
10. Molten slags, theory of slags. The molecular and ionic theory of slags.
The classification of ions in slags, basicity of slags. Physicochemical
properties of slags - structure, viscosity, surface tension,
electrochemical properties.
11. The Temkin´s model of ideal ionic melts, thermodynamic quantities of ideal
ionic solution. Non-ideal ionic solution, characteristics of selected
theories.
12. The thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of raffination processes. The
distribution of components between two immiscible liquids, Nernst’s
distribution law, distribution coefficient, distribution reactions between
slag and metal.
13. Rafination reactions – desulphurisation, dephosphorization, deoxidation of
slags, thermodynamic and kinetic description of rafination processes.
14. Nonmetallic phases in metal. The formation and growth of inclusions,
thermodynamic and kinetic factors.