1. Forging of carbon steel and alloy steel. 2. Forging temperature. 3. Forging of microalloyed steel. 4. Forgeability and mechanical properties steels. 5. Heat treatment of carbon and alloy steel forgings. 6. Forging of stainless steels. 7. Closed-die forgeability. 8. Forging equipment. 9. Isothermal forging and hot-die forging.10. Forging iron-nickel superalloys.11. Forging of refractory metals. 12. Thermomechanical processing of steels. 13. Grain refinement of steel by forging. 14. Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during hot forging.