Nanotechnologies, considered as emerging technologies of the 21st century, provide groundbreaking technological applications to solve current significant issues of the mankind in the field of biomedicine, environmental pollution, epidemiology and many others. Nanomaterials due to their new properties suggest promising solving such issues. However, the same materials due to uneducated usage may pose a threat to human health and the environment. For these above mentioned reasons it is essential to start with stricter legislative regulation and ethical approaches when evaluating future usage of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials. The subject is therefore focused on introduction to the current state of knowledge and attitude to these issues.