The subject is aimed at theoretical and practical aspects of manufacture of castings from non-ferrous metals and alloys. The attention is particularly paid to the most frequently used materials based on aluminium, copper, and magnesium, partly also to alloys of titanium, zinc, lead, tin, etc. The subject deals with problems of melting, casting, and thermal treatment of these materials. Specific defects of casting from these alloys including their identification and prediction are here presented too.