Physical Metallurgy

Diffusion in metallic systems – interstitial diffusion, substitutional diffusion – self-diffusion; impurity diffusion, inter-diffusion, diffusion in ternary systems, accelerated diffusion by imperfections of crystal structure;
Mechanisms of metallic materials strengthening – plastic deformation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, strengthening by phase transformation;
Segregations in metallic materials – macro-segregations, micro-segregations grain boundary segregations including concurrence segregations etc.;
Restoration processes in metallic materials – recovery, primary recrystallisation, grain coarsening, secondary and tertiary recrystallisation.