Physical Chemistry

Physical chemistry, its importance and basic division.
Chemical thermodynamics. 1st law of thermodynamics – enthalpy, heating and cooling of substances, heat of reaction, dependence on temperature. 2nd law of thermodynamics – entropy. Gibbs energy. Chemical equilibria – equilibrium constant, reaction isotherm. Phase equilibria – Gibbs phase law, one-component systems (Clapeyron and Clausius-Clapeyron equations), two-component systems (ideal and real solutions, Raoult and Henry's law). Colligative properties of solutions.
Chemical kinetics – reaction rate, reaction order, reaction molecularity, mechanism of the overall reaction. Integrated kinetic equations. Rate constant and its dependence on temperature. Principles of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Adsorption.
Electrochemistry – electrolytes and electrolytic dissociation. Strong electrolytes – activity, activity coefficient. Solubility product. Equilibria in solutions of weak electrolytes – dissociation of weak acid and base. Electrolysis. Potentials in electrochemistry, electrodes, galvanic cells.
Colloidal chemistry – classification of dispersion systems, dispersion degree, particle size distribution function. Selected kinetic, electrical and optical properties of dispersion systems. Electric double layer. Heterogeneous dispersion systems (lyophobic sols, emulsions, foams, aerosols).