Upon completion of the course, students will understand the fundamental principles of spectroscopic methods based on the excitation of nanostructures by photons, electrons, and positrons, followed by the detection of photons or electrons. Students will be able to describe the principles and applications of UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS, XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), photoconductivity spectroscopy, energy-dispersive and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, WDX), positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Students will be able to select an appropriate method with respect to the property of the nanostructure being characterized, correctly interpret basic spectral and experimental data, and assess their information content and limitations. The acquired knowledge will enable students to perform and evaluate the comprehensive characterization of the electronic, optical, chemical, surface, and size-related properties of nanomaterials.