Content of lectures:
INTRODUCTION
Subject and branches of physics, physical laws, quantities and units, vector algebra, physics and solving of technical problems, physics on the FBI.
MECHANICS
Kinematics - the basic kinematic quantities and relations between them, linear motion, curvilinear motion, uniform and non-uniform motion.
Dynamics - the force, the effects of forces, Newton's laws of motion, equation of motion, force impulse, momentum, mechanical work, kinetic and potential energy, law of conservation of mechanical energy, shear friction.
Mechanics of particles and rigid bodies - torque, torque theorem, center of mass, center of gravity, parallel axis theorem, the sliding, rotational and general motion, linear-rotational parallels.
OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
Mechanical oscillations - harmonic oscillations, equation of motion, displacement, amplitude, phase, phase shift, speed, power, acceleration, damped oscillations.
Mechanical waves - the emergence of progressive waves, interference of waves, spreading waves in space, Huygens principle, wave energy, basics of acoustics.
HYDROMECHANICS
Hydrodynamics - the ideal fluid flow, continuity equation, Bernoulli's equation, application of the law of conservation of mass and energy.
THERMODYNAMICS
Heat, temperature, specific and molar heat capacity, calorimetric equations, linear and volume expansion agents, state variables, ideal gas law, the status change of ideal gas, basic kinetic theory of heat, three main laws of thermodynamics, work and internal energy of gas, reversible going round, efficiency of heat engines, phase transitions, phase diagram.
GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
Field and its physical characteristics, Newton's law of gravity, intensity and potential of the gravitational field, the work of the gravitational field forces, the motion of bodies in uniform and radial gravitational field, Kepler's laws.
ELECTROSTATIC FIELD
Coulomb's law, electric charge, electric field and potential, voltage, capacitance, capacitors, capacitors combinations, the electric field in matter, the polarization of dielectrics, the electric field energy.
ELECTRIC CURRENT
Electric current, electric current density, and the terminal electromotive force, Ohm's law, electrical resistance, resistors combinations, work and power of electric current, voltage and current laws, electric circuits calculations.
MAGNETIC FIELDS
Magnetic induction, Laplace law, magnetic flux, magnetic forces in the field and charge cable, charge movement in a magnetic field, the magnetic field in matter.
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Electromagnetic induction, Faraday's law, Lenz's law, mutual and self induction, alternating current and its characteristics, AC circuits, phasor diagrams, electromagnetic oscillations and waves.
OPTICS
Basic concepts and laws of geometrical optics, optical projection by spherical and planar mirrors and thin lenses, interference of light, refraction of light, photometry, basic optical devices.
QUANTUM PHYSICS
Black body radiation, Planck's quantum hypothesis, photoelectric effect.
ATOMIC PHYSICS
The development of ideas about the construction of the atom, Bohr's postulates, Bohr model of hydrogen atom, the building of atomic nuclei, binding energy, nuclear reactions, nuclear energy.
RADIOACTIVITY
Natural and artificial radioactivity, types and properties of radiation dosimetric quantities and units, effects of ionizing radiation.
EXERCISE SCHEDULE:
1st Week: Vector algebra. The calculation of kinematic parameters of linear motion. Uniform motion, uniformly accelerated motion, free fall.
2nd Week: uniform circular motion and uniformly accelerated motion. Momentum, power, pulse power equation. The movement of a particle on an inclined plane.
3rd Week: Sliding and rotating motion of rigid bodies. Moment of force. Moment of inertia.
4th Week: Mechanical work, power, energy, law of conservation of mechanical energy.
5th Week: Harmonic oscillation. Pendulum.
6th Week: Equations of progressive waves.
7th week: Continuity equation of ideal fluid flow. Bernoulli's fluid flow horizontal tube. Outflow of liquid from the container.
8th Week: Thermal expansion of substances, calorimetric equation. Internal energy, heat, work, first law of thermodynamics. Ideal gas laws. The effectiveness of heat engines.
9th Week: Electric field of point charge and point charge system, the movement of charged particles in an electric field. Capacitors. Ohm's and Kirchhoff's laws.
10th Week: magnetic induction, magnetic flux, magnetic field of conductors with current, charged particle motion in a uniform magnetic field.
11th Week: Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, AC circuits, phasor diagrams.
12th Week: Reflection and refraction of light, imaging lenses and mirrors.
13th Week: Interference. Binding energy, nuclear reactions.
14th Week: Radioactivity, dosimetry. Credit.
Lectures - combined s study:
1st Kinematics: General concepts: movement, a tangible item, reference system, the relativity of movement and stillness, trajectory, distance, position vector, the instantaneous speed and instant acceleration. Classification of motion: rectilinear, curvilinear and circular motion of a particle. Graphical representation of movements. The movements of bodies in Earth's gravity field.
2nd DYNAMICS: Strength, static and dynamic effects of forces, composition of forces, momentum, impulse forces and momentum change. Newton's laws of motion, equation of motion and its applications. Forces in curvilinear motion. Inertial reference system. Work, power, mechanical energy conservation laws.
3rd MECHANICS of a rigid body: Rigid body, sliding and rotational motion, torque, torque theorem, composition of forces, gravity and physical center. Moment of inertia, parallel axis theorem, equation of motion, kinetic energy of a rotating body. The rolling movement of a body on an inclined plane. Friction.
4th Mechanical vibration: Linear oscillator damped and undamped. Equations of motion, energy, oscillatory motion. Physical and mathematical pendulum.
5th Mechanical waves: the origin and characteristics of mechanical waves, transverse and longitudinal waves, reflection waves, spreading waves in space, Huygens-Fresnel principle. Interference of waves and its conditions. Doppler effect.
6th Thermodynamics: Stocks, ideal gas equation, kinetic theory of gases, gas work, first law of thermodynamics. Circular happening and their effectiveness.
7th PHYSICAL FIELD: types of physical fields and their characteristics.
Electrostatic fields: Coulomb's law, electric potential and intensity. field work force in an electrostatic field, voltage, capacity conductors, capacitors. Polarization of dielectrics.
Substances in electrical current: Ohm's law, work and power, Kirchhoff's laws, Joulův - Lenz's Law.
8th MAGNETIC FIELD: magnetic force, magnetic induction, magnetic flux, the movement of charged particles in a magnetic field, Lorentz force. Straight wire with current in a magnetic field, magnetic moment. Biot - Savart - Laplace law.
9th ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS: Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, mutual and self inductance. generation and properties of alternating current, RLC - circuits, resonance.
10th OPTICS: Basic concepts and laws of geometrical optics, refraction and reflection. Young's experiment, interference and diffraction of light. Optical instruments.
Topics for independent productions:
Fluid Mechanics: Properties of fluids at rest and in motion. Ideal and real fluids. Hydrodynamics: continuity equation, Bernoulli equation, fluid discharge, a small hole.
TEMPERATURE AND HEAT: Definition of heat and temperature, heat capacity, calorimetric equations, linear and volumetric thermal expansion materials. Internal energy.
Gravitational field: Newton's law of gravity, intensity and potential of the gravitational field, the work force in a gravitational field. The movements of bodies in a gravitational field.
QUANTUM, ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS: Planck's hypothesis, the photon, photoelectric effect, Compton effect. X-rays, lasers. Elementary particles. The development of ideas about the construction of the atom, Bohr model of hydrogen atom, the building víceelektronových atoms. Binding energy, radioactivity, nuclear reactions. |