| Course Unit Code | 618-3004/03 |
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| Number of ECTS Credits Allocated | 6 ECTS credits |
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| Type of Course Unit * | Compulsory |
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| Level of Course Unit * | Second Cycle |
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| Year of Study * | First Year |
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| Semester when the Course Unit is delivered | Summer Semester |
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| Mode of Delivery | Face-to-face |
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| Language of Instruction | Czech |
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| Prerequisites and Co-Requisites | |
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| Prerequisities | Course Unit Code | Course Unit Title |
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| 618-3001 | Theory Processes in the Production of Iron and Steel |
| Name of Lecturer(s) | Personal ID | Name |
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| MIH50 | prof. Ing. Karel Michalek, CSc. |
| BRO37 | doc. Ing. Silvie Brožová, Ph.D. |
| Summary |
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| The subject is focused on theoretical and practical aspects of steel production in the electric furnaces. The attention is devoted to AC and DC arc furnaces, induction furnaces, hybrid and flexible units and other innovative trends in the field of electrometallurgy. Theory and practice of ferroalloys production is presented here. |
| Learning Outcomes of the Course Unit |
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Acquired knowledge
- student will be able to characterise steelmaking technology and technology of ferroalloys production in electric arc furnaces and electric induction furnaces
- student will be able to formulate basic physical chemical processes at steelmaking in electric furnaces
¨
Acquired skills
-student will be able to use his knowledge for decision about suitability of steelmaking metallurgical processes
-student will be able to apply his theoretical knowledge for improvements proposal of electro steel making technology and metallurgy
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| Course Contents |
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1. Present state and perspectives of production of steel in electric furnaces. Classification of electric furnaces. Fundamentals of heavy electrical alternating current.
2. Theory of arc. DC electric arc. AC electric arc.
Stabilization of arc burning.
3. Electrical and heat work regime of elektric arc furnaces (EAF). Working electrical characteristics.
EAF. Dynamical, physical and chemical effects of the arches. UHP and SUHP furnaces.
4. Other heat sources in the EAF. Intensification of production in EAF. The use of gaseous oxygen. Oxyfuel burners. Foaming nozzle. Bottom blowing of inert gas into bath. EAF productvity.
5. Basic construction of EAF. EAF transformers, reactors, compensation power factor. EAF secondary electrical circuit. Graphite electrodes. Production of electrodes.
6. Regulation of the electrodes. Static and dynamic characteristics of the electrodes controller. Block diagram of the controller. Induction stirring in the bath EAF. Lining of EAF. Water EAF cooling. Suction gas furnace, gas cleaning.
7. Technologies EAF steel production. Two-slags technology. One-slags technology. The importance of oxidation and reduction period. Technology of overmelting.
8. Production of alloy and high alloy steel. Thermodynamics of metallurgical processes at oxygen rafination of melt. Dephosphorization of high alloy melt. Oxide alloy reduction from slags into melt. Alloying by titanium. Production of steel in acid EAF.
9. Combined steelmaking processes. EAF – DH, EAF-VOD. EAF - AOD. Hydrogen and nitrogen behaviour during the melting in the EAF. Molten steel temperature measuring. Determination of oxygen activity, hydrogen and nitrogen content in the bath. Automatization of production control in EAF.
10. Direct current (DC) EAF. Particularities and differences of the furnace design. Bottom anode. Heat procedure in DC EAF. Advantages of DC EAF furnaces and
comparison with AC EAF.
11. New processes in the production of steel in EAF - Fuchs Shaft Furnace, Verticon, ConSteel, Comelt-VAI ContiArc.
12. New processes in the production of steel in EAF - CONARC, Arcon, Contimet, KES, Danarc.
13. Production of steel in induction furnaces. The principle of heating and melting. Construction of induction furnaces. Basic characteristics of electric induction furnaces. Steel production technology in induction furnaces. Vacuum induction furnace.Metallurgical processes taking place in a vacuum. Electroslag remelting.
14. Fundamentals of thermodynamics of ferro-alloys production. Carbothermic,silicothermic and aluminothermic methods of ferro-alloys production. Production of main types of ferroalloys: FeMn, FeCr, FeSi, FETI, FeW.
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| Recommended or Required Reading |
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| Required Reading: |
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[1]PLOCKINGER, E. ad.: Electric Furnace Steel Production, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,1985, 650s.
[2]TOULOUEVSKI, Y.N., ZINUROV, I,Y. : Innovation in Electric Arc Furnaces. Springer, New York, 2010, 258 s.
[3]FRUEHAN, R. J.: The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel. Steelmaking and refining Volume. Chapter 10: EAF. Chapter 12: Refining of Stainless Steel. AISE Steel Foundation, 1998, 767 p. ISBN 0-930767-02-0.
[4] MICHALEK, K.: Electrometallurgy and Ferroalloys Production. Didactic Text. VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 2014, 178p.
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[1]MICHALEK, K.: Elektrometalurgie a výroba feroslitin. Studijní opora k předmětu. 2016, 212s. http://katedry.fmmi.vsb.cz/Opory_FMMI/618/618-Michalek-Elektrometalurgie-a-vyroba-feroslitin.pdf.pdf
[2]FREMUNT, P., ŠIMON, J. : Tavení oceli v elektrických pecích. SNTL Praha, 1984, 242 s.
[3]TOULOUEVSKI, Y.N., ZINUROV, I,Y. : Innovation in Electric Arc Furnaces. Springer, New York, 2010, 258 s.
[4]PLOCKINGER, E. ad.: Electric Furnace Steel Production, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,1985, 650s.
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| Recommended Reading: |
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| [1]Proceedings of "European Electric Steelmaking Conference". |
[1]Rada, J. ad.: Elektrotepelná technika. SNTL, Praha, 1985, 344 s.
[2]Hradílek, Z. : Elektroenergetika distribučních a průmyslových zařízení. Ostrava: VŠB-TU Ostrava, Montanex, 2008, 363 s. ISBN 978-80-7225-291-6.
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| Planned learning activities and teaching methods |
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| Lectures, Seminars, Individual consultations, Tutorials |
| Assesment methods and criteria |
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| Task Title | Task Type | Maximum Number of Points
(Act. for Subtasks) | Minimum Number of Points for Task Passing |
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| Credit and Examination | Credit and Examination | 100 (100) | 51 |
| Credit | Credit | 30 | 21 |
| Examination | Examination | 70 | 30 |