| Course Unit Code | 651-2041/01 |
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| Number of ECTS Credits Allocated | 4 ECTS credits |
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| Type of Course Unit * | Compulsory |
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| Level of Course Unit * | First Cycle |
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| Year of Study * | Second Year |
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| Semester when the Course Unit is delivered | Summer Semester |
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| Mode of Delivery | Face-to-face |
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| Language of Instruction | Czech |
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| Prerequisites and Co-Requisites | Course succeeds to compulsory courses of previous semester |
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| Name of Lecturer(s) | Personal ID | Name |
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| VEC05 | prof. Ing. Marek Večeř, Ph.D. |
| Summary |
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| Learning Outcomes of the Course Unit |
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- The student understands the essence of non-equilibrium processes and their relation to the structure of substances.
- He knows the principles on which derivation of transfer equations is based and can apply them to simple specific problems.
- Can assess the possibilities of solving the relevant differential equations.
- Can formulate a problem for a possible numerical solution.
- Can characterize velocity, temperature, concentration fields with essential parameters suitable for practical use.
- Can measure the basic transport properties of liquids, gases, and solids. |
| Course Contents |
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1. Continuum. Model of nature as a continuous environment. Transfer of quantities. Quantities transmitted by statistical molecular motion. Momentum, Heat, Mass. Similarity of these processes. Definition systems: simple system between planar plates. Driving force, flow density, proportionality factor. Viscosity. Thermal conductivity, diffusivity. Newton's viscosity law, Fourier's law, Fick's law.
2. Heat transfer by conduction in a stationary environment. Heat, heat flux, differential heat balance. Specific heat capacity. Application of Fourier's law to express differential heat balance in the terms of temperatures. Boundary conditions and their relationship to reality.
3. One-dimensional heat conduction. Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. Boundary conditions. The solution of heat transfer equation at two independent variables. Unsteady heat conduction into half-space. Equation and its solution by separation of variables. Dimensional analysis. The concept of infinity, unsteady guidance to the final board. Steady heat conduction in an area or space. Laplace equation and its solution. Principle of the solution by finite difference method. Relaxation method and stability problem. What the solver can do. Monte Carlo methods.
4. Mechanical equilibrium in fluids. Stress tensor. Sign convention. Stress tensor symmetry. Pressure. Simple shear flow. Tensor notation. Kinematic tensor. Deformation speed tensor. A generalized definition of viscosity. Balance of matter in differential volume, equation of continuity.
5. Momentum balance. Volume forces, Surface forces. Equation of motion. Evaluation of inertial and viscous forces, Reynolds number. Boundary conditions. Phase interface velocity. Creeping equations. Viscometric flows. Simple flow configurations, solvable by ordinary differential equations. Usability for viscosity measurement. Symmetries. Two-dimensional creeping flows. Stokes law, Stokes paradox.
6. Ideal liquid. Euler equations. Bernoulli's equation. Applicability. Stream function. The analogy with heat transfer. Boundary layer theory. Different boundary layer definitions. Friction coefficient. Solution using integral balance. Boundary layer for body bypass. Relation to Reynolds number.
7. Prandtl equations of the boundary layer. Bypass plates. Similarity solution. Approximate solution of momentum balance. Local and mean friction coefficient. Applications in hydrodynamics and aerodynamics. Flowmeters.
8. Bypass of bodies. Critical point. Pressure distribution. Breakage of the boundary layer. Wakes. Surface and interfacial tension. Curved surface. Drops and bubbles. Surface stability. Cleavage and coalescence. Surface viscosity.
9. Turbulence. Average speed. Turbulent speed profile. Fluctuation. The notion of isotropic turbulence. Turbulent viscosity, diffusivity. Statistical approaches. Heat transfer by radiation. Laws and differences against convection. Reflection, passage, absorption. Thermal shades, greenhouse effect.
10. Convective heat transfer. Heat transfer equations in moving fluid. Possibilities of solving equations. Piston flow. Negligible longitudinal convection. Linear velocity profile. Heat transfer at laminar flow in the tube. Nusselt number. Péclet number. Heat transfer when bypassing the plate. Comparison of velocity and temperature boundary layer. Prandtl number. The concept of film and penetration theory.
11. Film condensation on a vertical plate. Condensate layer. Heat transfer coefficient during condensation. Boiling near the wall. Influence of surface tension, hydrostatic pressure, conduction, and convection of heat. Bubble and film boiling conditions.
12. Methods of temperature and heat flux measurement. Calorimetry. Principles of study of velocity fields by means of transmission phenomena. Hotwire. Electrodiffusion diagnostics.
13. Diffusion. Fick's law. Single-component and multi-component diffusion. Molecular models of diffusion in gases, liquids, and solids. Measurement of diffusivity. Typical boundary conditions of diffusion problems. Phase interface equilibria. Moving boundary conditions.
14. Simultaneous heat and mass transport. Wet thermometer. Heat tubes. Thermodiffusion. Pressure transmission. |
| Recommended or Required Reading |
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| Required Reading: |
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| WICHTERLE Kamil, Marek VEČEŘ. Transport and Surface Phenomena 1st edition. Elsevier, 2020. |
| WICHTERLE Kamil, Marek VEČEŘ. Transport and Surface Phenomena 1st edition. Elsevier, 2020. |
| Recommended Reading: |
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PLAWSKY, J.L. Transport phenomena fundamentals. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2014.
BIRD, R.B., STEWART, W.E., LIGHTFOOT, E.N. Transport phenomena. 2nd rev. ed. New York: Wiley, 2007.
WHITE, F.M. Fluid mechanics. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2008.
CUSSLER, E.L. Diffusion: mass transfer in fluid systems. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
INCROPERA, F.P. Introduction to heat transfer. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley, 2007.
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BIRD, R. Byron, Warren E. STEWART a Edwin N. LIGHTFOOT. Přenosové jevy: sdílení hybnosti, energie a hmoty. Přeložil Štefan ŠALAMON, přeložil Vladimír MÍKA. Praha: Academia, 1968.
PLAWSKY, J.L. Transport phenomena fundamentals. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2014.
BIRD, R.B., STEWART, W.E., LIGHTFOOT, E.N. Transport phenomena. 2nd rev. ed. New York: Wiley, 2007.
WHITE, F.M. Fluid mechanics. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2008.
CUSSLER, E.L. Diffusion: mass transfer in fluid systems. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
INCROPERA, F.P. Introduction to heat transfer. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley, 2007. |
| Planned learning activities and teaching methods |
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| Lectures, Tutorials, Experimental work in labs |
| Assesment methods and criteria |
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| Task Title | Task Type | Maximum Number of Points
(Act. for Subtasks) | Minimum Number of Points for Task Passing |
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| Credit and Examination | Credit and Examination | 100 | 51 |
| Credit | Credit | | |
| Examination | Examination | | |