| Course Unit Code | 651-2055/01 |
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| Number of ECTS Credits Allocated | 2 ECTS credits |
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| Type of Course Unit * | Compulsory |
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| Level of Course Unit * | First Cycle |
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| Year of Study * | Second Year |
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| Semester when the Course Unit is delivered | Summer Semester |
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| Mode of Delivery | Face-to-face |
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| Language of Instruction | Czech |
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| Prerequisites and Co-Requisites | Course succeeds to compulsory courses of previous semester |
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| Name of Lecturer(s) | Personal ID | Name |
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| MAR0765 | prof. Ing. Blahoslav Maršálek, CSc. |
| Summary |
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| The lecture will get students acquainted with the definition of basic terms in ecotoxicology such as xenobiotics, toxic substance, organism exposure to toxic substance, toxic indices, interactions of toxic substance with organism (absorption, transport, biotransformation and excretion of toxic substance from organism), toxic effect and its dose dependence and types of toxic effects. Experimental methods of acute, subacute and chronic toxicity evaluation will be presented in the next part of the lecture. Emphasis will be placed on ecotoxicological bioassays and mechanisms of action of nanomaterials in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The rest of the lessons will cover the topics of the most dangerous pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants, pesticides, petroleum substances and others. Further lectures will be devoted to methods of ecotoxicity evaluation. The last lectures will be focused on the ecotoxicology of metallic and non-metallic nanomaterials, including specific interactions of nanomaterials with biological systems at various levels (cellular, tissue, organ, etc.). |
| Learning Outcomes of the Course Unit |
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| The aim of the course is to get students acquainted with the ecotoxicological context of application, effectiveness and its testing and the enviromental impact of nanomaterials. |
| Course Contents |
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1. Introduction, fundamental terms and concepts of toxicology, ecotoxicology and nanotoxicology. Classification of ecotoxicological bioassays.
2. Experimental design, test conditions, dilution series, GLP principles in experiments. Third generations of ecotoxicological bioassays, characteristics. Multi-species and single-species bioassays. Preservation of mother cultures for bioassays
3. Toxicity tests: application of tests, categorization of tests, description of principles of individual tests, liquid matrix tests, solid matrix tests (SPT), limits of toxicity tests, rules for selection into test batteries (screening & detailed analysis), importance of environmental risk analysis.
4. Genotoxicity tests: general introduction to genotoxic and progenotoxic substances, categorization of genotoxicity and mutagenicity tests, description of test methodologies and limits, evaluation, interpretation and extrapolation of test results, procedure for selection of suitable test systems - test battery, special tests
5. Practical aspects of ecotoxic genotoxic potential monitoring
6. Trophy tests, their incorporation into the system of ecotoxicological bioassays. Trophy and its influence on mass development of toxic microorganisms, (basic thesis), reference to optional subject Ecotoxicological aspects of biotoxins
7. Prolonged and chronic ecotoxicological bioassays. Physiological activity of test organisms as the indication of long-term effects, influence of toxicants on the cell cycle and next generations. Importance in the system of ecotoxicological bioassays.
8. Factors influencing the results of ecotoxicological bioassays and possibilities of their influence. Sources of variability, alternatives of bioassay evaluation. Influence of knowledge of ecotoxicological context on the representativeness of interpretation of the test results. Common interpretation of ecotoxicological bioassays and chemical analyzes. An integrated approach to the evaluation of ecotoxicological bioassays.
9. Legislative framework of ecotoxicological bioassays. Compulsory, recommended and alternative tests. Existence and use of standard methods, principles of good laboratory practice. Standardization and accreditation of ecotoxicological bioassays. National and European Approaches to Chemical Testing (REACH)
10. Ecotoxicology of nanomaterials: nanomaterial sources and pollution of individual components of the environment nanomaterials, their entrance, distribution and impact of such nanomaterials in the environment, ecotoxicity of nanomaterials to aquatic and soil organisms, air pollution of nanomaterials, tests of nanotoxic nanomaterials. Production of nanomaterials and their toxicity and ecotoxicity |
| Recommended or Required Reading |
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| Required Reading: |
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WALKER, C. H. Principles of ecotoxicology. 4th ed. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 2012. xxv, 360. ISBN 9781439862667.
Ecotoxicology : a derivative of Encyclopedia of ecology. Edited by Sven Erik Jørgensen - Brian D. Fath. Boston: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2010. xi, 390. ISBN 9780444536280.
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WALKER, C. H. Principles of ecotoxicology. 4th ed. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 2012. xxv, 360. ISBN 9781439862667.
Ecotoxicology : a derivative of Encyclopedia of ecology. Edited by Sven Erik Jørgensen - Brian D. Fath. Boston: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2010. xi, 390. ISBN 9780444536280.
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| Recommended Reading: |
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| Encyclopedia of aquatic ecotoxicology. Edited by Jean-François Férard - Christian Blaise. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013. s. i-xlvi. ISBN 9789400750401. |
| Encyclopedia of aquatic ecotoxicology. Edited by Jean-François Férard - Christian Blaise. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013. s. i-xlvi. ISBN 9789400750401. |
| Planned learning activities and teaching methods |
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| Lectures |
| Assesment methods and criteria |
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| Task Title | Task Type | Maximum Number of Points
(Act. for Subtasks) | Minimum Number of Points for Task Passing |
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| Examination | Examination | 100 | 51 |