| Introduction of history, classification and application of biotechnology. Gene and genome - structure of the cell, the structure of DNA and chromosome, DNA replication, synthesis of RNA and proteins. The principles of genetic engineering - genetic modification, methods, applications, food production. Microbial biotechnology - use of microorganisms, microbial fermentation biotechnology - production of wine, beer, ethanol, biomass, antibiotics, vaccines, food, microbiological diagnostic. Plant biotechnology - cell and tissue cultures, molecular markers, methods in plant transgenosis, genetically modified crops, increase of crop yield, practical use. Animal biotechnology - genomics, cloning, transgenic animals, improving of animal health, improving of animal production, preparation of human antibodies in animals. Medicinal biotechnology - production of pharmaceuticals, herbal pharmaceuticals, pharmacogenomics, gene therapy, genetic testing, regenerative medicine. Environmental biotechnology - biosensors, biocatalysis, bioremediation, biological wastewater treatment, environmental protection, composting, nanobiotechnology. Industrial applications of biotechnology - production of bioplastics, use in the textile and spirituous industry, biofuels, biopesticides. Ethics and biotechnology - biotechnology and nature, economy, science and communication, legislation and approval of biotechnology products, patents. |