1.Atmosphere, composition, vertical division
2.Air temperature, heat, physical basis, measurement, heat transfer, heating and cooling of the atmosphere, horizontal and vertical temperature distribution, causes.
3.Temperature near the ground, ground effects, cloud effects, wind effects, vertical distribution of temperature in troposphere and tropopause, time course of temperature, temperature and climate cycles.
4.Atmospheric pressure, atmospheric density, measurements, vertical and horizontal distribution of pressure, causes.
5.Representation of pressure on maps. Isobars, isobaric surfaces, pressure variation with height, measurement of height, QNH, QFF, QFE, QNE, correlation of pressure, temperature and density, pressure systems, global distribution, location of major pressure bodies.
6.Wind - definition and measurement of cause of wind, pressure gradient, Coriolis force, geostrophic wind, gradient wind, determination of wind strength and direction, convergence, divergence, subsidence, general circulation around the globe, local winds, anabatic and katabatic flow, breezes.
7.Humidity - water vapour in the atmosphere, condensation, evaporation, sublimation, freezing and thawing, latent heat, relative and absolute humidity, temperature/dew point, mixing ratio, adiabatic processes, cloud formation.
8.Clouds, precipitation and visibility - cloud types, cloud classification, flying conditions in different cloud types, fog, haze, haze, types of fog, causes of fog, precipitation, precipitation development, types of precipitation, dependence on cloud type.
9.Stability of air, causes, physical basis, evaluation of aerological outputs.
10.Air masses and fronts - types of air masses, description, factors influencing air mass properties, classification of air masses, areas of origin, transformation, warm front, associated cloudiness and weather, warm sector, associated cloudiness and weather, cold front of type I and II, associated cloudiness and weather, weather behind cold front, occlusion (warm and cold) and associated cloudiness and weather, movement of fronts and pressure systems, life cycle.
11.Thunderstorms - structure of thunderstorms, sequence of developmental stages, storm cells, frontal thunderstorms and heat storms, conditions for formation and process of development, forecast, locations of occurrence.
12.Hazards to flight - turbulence, effects on aircraft, wind shear, meteorological conditions, CAT - effects on flight, thermal turbulence, hazards in mountainous areas, vertical movements, mountain wave, wind shear, turbulence, icing, visibility reducing phenomena, visibility reduction due to fog, smoke, smoke, dust, sand and precipitation, visibility reduction due to low animal and high animal snow.
13.Meteorological charts - significant weather charts, ground charts, elevation charts, symbols and symbols on analytical and forecast charts.
14.Information for flight planning and execution, content and use of pre-flight meteorological preparation, meteorological briefing and consultation. |